不同产地初加工方法对延胡索5种生物碱含量的影响刘珍珍,白桥,徐皓

以延胡索药材中五种生物碱的含量作为评价指标分析水煮、水蒸、醋煮和盐煮四种初加工方法的效果。采用甲醇加热回流法提取,高效液相色谱法检测含量。以乙腈-0.01%磷酸水溶液为流动相,按22:78的比例进行等度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min;色谱柱(Inertsil ODS-3)温度：30℃;检测波长为283nm。结果显示,原阿片碱、延胡索乙素、掌叶防己碱、小檗碱、脱氢紫堇碱5种生物碱线性范围分别为1.568～78.4、3.444～172.2、0.72～36.0、0.78～39.0、2.632～131.6 μg/mL(r≥0.9993);平均回收率(n=6)为99.26%、98.85%、102.39%、98.06%、100.23%,RSD≤2.10%;四种延胡索加工方法中有效成分含量由高到低依次为水蒸＞水煮＞醋煮＞盐煮,其中以蒸制5min最佳。该方法简单、准确性高,可为延胡索产地初加工提供科学依据与技术支持。     

Inhibitory Effect of Dihydroaustrasulfone Alcohol on the Migration of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Cells and the Antitumor Effect on a Lewis Lung Carcinoma-Bearing Tumor Model in C57BL/6J Mice

There are many major causes of cancer death, including metastasis of cancer. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol, which is isolated from marine coral, has shown antioxidant activity, but has not been reported to have an anti-cancer effect. We first discovered that dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol provided a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the migration and motility of human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cells by trans-well and wound healing assays. The results of a zymography assay and Western blot showed that dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol suppressed the activities and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Further investigation revealed that dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol also suppressed the expression of PI3K and the phosphorylation of Akt. Furthermore, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol markedly inhibited tumor growth in Lewis lung cancer (LLC)-bearing mice. We concluded that dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol is a new pure compound with anti-migration and anti-tumor growth activity in lung cancer and might be applied to clinical treatment in the future.     

Calcium silicate slag reduces drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Silicon has been reported to reduce drought stress on many crops, but limited studies have evaluated this effect with rice using calcium silicate slag from the phosphorus fertilizer industry as a source of Si. A greenhouse study was performed to address this issue. Four slag rates (0, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg) and two application methods (surface application and incorporation) were evaluated under two moisture regimes (flood and 50% field capacity) for drought stress mitigation in a mineral soil that is typical for rice production. Slag application significantly elevated plant‐available Si in the soil and Si accumulation in plant tissues, and tended to improve rice shoot and root biomass relative to the untreated control under both flooding and drought stress. Increased carbon isotope discrimination (△¹³C) and decreased proline in rice leaves subjected to drought stress indicate that this slag may reduce drought stress in rice, which was supported by restoration of foliage density, transpiration, photosynthesis rate and sugar accumulation to at or near flooded levels following the highest slag application. This study supports the usage of calcium silicate slag in rice production as it could improve Si availability and reduce drought stress.     

鸭源流感病毒感染对鸡和家鸭红细胞免疫功能的影响

采用商品来航鸡、樱桃谷鸭分别接种鸭源流感病毒株Ａ／ｄｕｃｋ／Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ／２１／９５（Ｈ９Ｈ？），研究了禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）感染对红细胞免疫功能的影响。结果发现，流感发生与红细胞ＣＲ１花环率之间存在着反向关系；正常鸭的红细胞ＣＲ１花环率极显高于正常鸡的红细胞ＣＲ１花环率，即使接种ＡＩＶ后，鸭红细胞ＣＲ１花环率有所下降，但也显著高于正常鸡的红细胞ＣＲ１花环率，这些结果表明，鸭的红细胞免疫功能在一定     

限制对农民工行政歧视的路径选择

对农民工的行政歧视在现实中有着种种表现,客观存在的行政歧视既不合法也不合理,但是完全消除行政歧视是不可能的,现阶段的目标是尽可能地限制这种歧视.因此应加强法律体系、维权体系以及教育培训体系的建设,促进这一目标的实现.     

Assessment of genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea using microsatellite-derived RFLP markers: Implications for origin

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on 30 accessions of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) collected from 11 different countries representing the Near East, Central Asian and Hindustani regions. A synthetic digoxygenated oligonucleotide (GATA)₄ complementary to a microsatellite DNA sequence was used as a probe. The results revealed that simple repetitive sequences are abundant and polymorphic in the chickpea genome. The fragments detected were used lo estimate the genetic diversity within accessions and a similarity index between the genotypes of the accessions. The genetic distance data were used to construct a dendrogram depicting genetic relationships among the different accessions. The results indicate that the greatest genetic diversity occurs in Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan, south-east Russia, Turkey and Lebanon. Lower genetic diversity was found in Iran, India, Syria, Jordan and Palestine, Based on DNA markers, it is concluded that there are three centres of diversity for chickpea: Pakistan-Afghanistan. Iraq Turkey and Lebanon. India, which was previously considered as a secondary center of diversity for chickpea, showed lower diversity than the above regions.     

义素分析在汉语词汇教学中的运用

词义是现代汉语词汇教学的一个重要组成部分,用义素分析法对词义进行剖析,能够清楚地显示词义的内部结构。在释义、考察词语组合以及同义词的辨析中引入义素分析法,可以帮助学生克服对词义囫囵吞枣的现象,从而准确地把握和运用词义。     

线粒体DNA的研究及其应用

线粒体是真核生物细胞内的一种重要而独特的细胞器,为细胞的活动提供能量。线粒体DNA是哺乳动物细胞内唯一存在的核外遗传物质,是核外遗传研究的热点,目前已取得了瞩目的成就,就线粒体DNA的研究及其在动物以及人类中的应用进行综述。     

南方三省(区)南洋楹气候区划的研究

选择纬度、经度以及16个与水热状况有关的气象因子进行R型主成分分析,用前5个主成分坐标值进行模糊ISODATA聚类分析,将研究区划分为3类;用逐步判别分析建立了各类的判别函数式,回判准确率为91.81%;结合模糊相似优先比的结果,将研究区区划为南洋楹适宜发展区、南洋次适宜发展和南洋楹控制发展区3个气候区.     

Fossil history and modern distribution of the genus Abies (Pinaceae)

The plants of the genus Abies are dominant and key species in the dark coniferous forest in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 52 species, one subspecies and 12 varieties in the genus Abies in the world. The history and modern distribution of Abies were discussed. The genus has three modern distribution centers: South Europe, North America and East Asia. These areas are also rich in fossil records. The vertical distribution regions of Abies are from sea level to an elevation of 4,700 m, concentrated in 1,000–2,000 m (15 species). In China, the genus distributes in 20 provinces, especially abundant in the Hengduan Mountains. Meanwhile, endemic and relic phenomena are obvious in this genus. There are seven relic species with both limited individuals and limited distributed regions. Based on the fossil records and the latest phylogenetic data, the following hypothesis was proposed: Abies originated from the middle and high altitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Cretaceous and it was dispersed southward in the Eocene due to global climate cooling down. The distribution of Abies was deeply influenced by geological events such as the uplift of Himalaya, the Alps, the Rocky Mountains, the occurrence of the Asian Monsoon as well as the Quaternary glaciers. Finally, the current distribution pattern appeared in the Quaternary. The genus Abies has a fossil history and modern distribution pattern similar to that of Cathaya and Pseudolarix. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2006, 28(5): 439–452 [译自: 云南植物研究]