农牧交错区化肥减量施用对马铃薯产量、

马铃薯种植中超量和长期施用化肥已造成产量、品质和耐贮性下降,为了充分利用农牧交错区产生的有机肥,提高马铃薯产量、品质和耐贮性,实现马铃薯产业可持续发展,研究了化肥减量施用和增施有机肥对马铃薯产量、品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明,化肥减量施用和增施有机肥提高了马铃薯品质和耐贮性。处理2（50%常规施肥量+4 m3有机肥）的产量、蛋白质、淀粉、干物质、可溶性糖和VC含量最高,较对照（CK）分别提高了1.67%、15.66%、13.58%、11.63%、31.91%和21.17%,贮藏期软腐病、干腐病、环腐病和晚疫病发病率较低,较对照（CK）分别降低了44.72%、45.61%、50.14%和39.39%。建议在农牧交错区采用处理2来提高马铃薯产量、品质和耐贮性,降低化肥用量和施肥成本。     

大兴安岭人工林有机质层释放溶解有机碳(DOC)动态特征

溶解有机碳(DOC)是土壤碳库中最活跃的部分。研究人工林生长中有机质层释放DOC的动态,对阐述北方森林碳循环具有基础意义。以空间代替时间方法,在内蒙古大兴安岭根河林业局管辖范围内选取不同林龄人工林为研究对象,收集并测定了有机质层渗透水中DOC浓度,并分析了坡位和不同月份对于有机质层释放DOC的影响。结果表明:不同阶段人工林,有机质层释放DOC浓度呈增加的趋势,且每个样地仅与50年生落叶松人工林阶段DOC有显著差异(P<0.05);在6-9月,有机质层渗透水中DOC浓度随月份变化,整体呈降低趋势,并随着人工林生长,有机质层渗透水中DOC浓度最大值转向7月;在不同坡位中,中、下坡位DOC浓度高于上坡位。随着不同阶段的人工林及坡位和季节的变化,有机质层下DOC浓度发生了一定的变化。     

基于SPAD值的大白菜氮素营养诊断和推荐施肥模型研究

以大白菜卵圆型品种"锦抗1号"和直筒型品种"乡情80"为试材,在6个氮肥水平下,研究了叶片SPAD值与氮素营养诊断指标、施氮量的关系以及施氮量对产量的影响。结果表明:在大白菜莲座期和结球期,2个品种的叶片SPAD值与氮素营养诊断指标及施氮量有很好的相关性;2个生育期"锦抗1号"的临界SPAD值分别为40.45、42.45,"乡情80"的临界SPAD值分别为38.57、40.36;建立了基于叶片SPAD值的大白菜氮肥推荐施肥模型。综上所述,大白菜叶片SPAD值可以作为氮素营养诊断指标,并能推荐氮肥的施用。     

百香果品种‘紫香1号’果实糖、酸和维生素成分分析

为深入了解‘紫香1号’百香果成熟果实中的可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素组分及含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定各组分的含量。结果表明:‘紫香1号’百香果中的可溶性糖主要为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,各糖分之间差异显著,其中蔗糖含量最高,达38.52mg/g,属蔗糖积累型;有机酸包括苹果酸、丙二酸、乳酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸,各有机酸之间差异显著,以柠檬酸含量最高,达0.995 mg/g,属柠檬酸优势型;维生素包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素C和维生素E,各种维生素之间差异达显著水平,其中维生素E含量最高,为430.61 mg/kg。可见,‘紫香1号’百香果含有丰富的可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素,具有较高的甜度和酸度值,故果实成熟时鲜食口感酸甜,风味浓郁。     

日光温室土壤限根下不同施钙量对番茄品质产量及植株养分的影响

以“京番301”番茄为试验材料,采用土壤限根栽培方式,以CaO施入量0(T1)、300(T2)、600(T3)、900(T4)、1200(T5)kg·hm-2设置5个处理,以不施入任何肥料为对照(CK),研究不同施钙量对番茄果实品质、产量及养分含量的影响,以期为钙肥的高效合理利用和高品质番茄的生产提供参考。结果表明:钙肥的施入降低植株株高、茎粗和叶面积,但可以提高叶片叶绿素含量。钙肥有利于改善果实的营养品质,T4处理可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖含量最高,显著高于其它各处理,比T1处理分别提高了24.4%和62.3%。T1处理平均单果质量、小区产量和单位面积产量较大,钙肥的增产作用在试验中表现不明显。各养分在一定的钙肥范围内,随钙肥的增加而增加。综合分析,T4处理果实营养品质较好,T1处理产量较高。     

抗旱性复混肥对土壤物理性状、持水量和马铃薯经济效益的影响

采用田间试验方法,研究抗旱性复混肥配方及其对土壤物理性质、持水量和马铃薯经济效益的影响,以期筛选出抗旱性复合肥最佳配方和施用量。结果表明:影响马铃薯产量的因素由大到小依次为:马铃薯专用肥>废弃物组合肥>保水剂,抗旱性复合肥最佳配方组合为废弃物组合肥3 000 kg/hm^2、保水剂37.50kg/hm^2、马铃薯专用肥2 230 kg/hm^2。随着抗旱性复混肥施用量的增加,土壤总孔隙度、持水量、马铃薯块茎质量和产量在增加,土壤容重在降低。经回归统计分析,抗旱性复混肥与马铃薯产量间的回归方程为:y=28.87+1.771 3x-0.035 4x2,最佳施肥量为5.28 t/hm^2,计算结果与田间施用抗旱性复混肥5.28 t/hm^2相吻合。     

Effects of different tillage and straw retention practices on soil aggregates and carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils of the northwestern China

Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distribution of total organic carbon. The aims of this study were to establish how different tillage and straw retention practices affect the soil aggregates and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in the aggregate fractions based on a long-term (approximately 15 years) field experimentin the semi-arid western Loess Plateau, northwestern China. The experiment included four soil treatments, i.e., conventional tillage with straw removed (T), conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS), no tillage with straw removed (NT) and no tillage with straw retention (NTS), which were arranged in a complete randomized block design. The wet-sieving method was used to separate four size fractions of aggregates, namely, large macroaggregates (LA, >2000 μm), small macroaggregates (SA, 250-2000 μm), microaggregates (MA, 53-250 μm), and silt and clay (SC, <53 μm). Compared to the conventional tillage practices (including T and TS treatments), the percentages of the macroaggregate fractions (LA and SA) under the conservation tillage practices (including NT and NTS treatments) were increased by 41.2%-56.6%, with the NTS treatment having the greatest effect. For soil layers of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-30 cm, values of the mean weight diameter (MWD) under the TS and NTS treatments were 10.68%, 13.83% and 17.65%, respectively. They were 18.45%, 19.15% and 14.12% higher than those under the T treatment, respectively. The maximum contents of the aggregate-associated SOC and TN were detected in the SA fraction, with the greatest effect being observed for the NTS treatment. The SOC and TN contents were significantly higher under the NTS and TS treatments than under the T treatment. Also, the increases in SOC and TN levels were much higher in the straw-retention plots than in the straw-removed plots. The macroaggregates (including LA and SA fractions) were the major pools for SOC and TN, regardless of tillage practices, storing 3.25-6.81 g C/kg soil and 0.34-0.62 g N/kg soil. Based on the above results, we recommend the NTS treatment as the best option to boost soil aggregates and to reinforce carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau of northwestern China.     

水肥一体化施肥对草莓产量与品质的影响

在设施栽培条件下,对大棚草莓常规施肥和水肥一体化不同施肥模式进行了比较,同时进一步研究了水肥一体化施肥方式下不同施肥量、氮磷钾配比等因素对草莓生长发育及品质的影响。试验结果表明,采用水肥一体化技术比常规施肥方式能节肥35.10%,水肥一体化模式中施氮量48.00 kg/hm^2,施磷量32.10 kg/hm^2,施钾量95.10 kg/hm^2,N∶P∶K为1.00∶0.67∶1.98施肥处理的草莓产量、可溶性固形物含量、单果质量等指标较常规处理分别增加了39.50%、23.10%和24.60%,呈现明显差异,较常规施肥模式增收18.04万元/hm^2,与其他不同施肥模式处理之间也均在整体生长中期或后期呈现明显差异。     

不同施肥处理对白萝卜生长及品质的影响

为了研究生物有机肥在化肥减施条件下对白萝卜产量和品质的影响,设置了4个处理,分别为T1:对照,不施肥,T2:常规施肥处理,T3:生物有机肥处理,T4:生物有机肥+30%化肥减施处理,在采收期测量白萝卜产量和品质。试验结果表明,T3处理白萝卜每667 m^2产量最高,达6 262.0 kg;可溶性蛋白含量由高到低排列顺序为T4>T3>T1>T2;可溶性糖含量T3表现最好,比对照高53.3%;VC含量由高到低排列顺序为T1>T2>T4>T3;硝酸盐含量从低到高排列顺序为T3相似文献