有机无机生物活性肥料施用技术对蔬菜作物生长及产量的影响

田间试验结果表明:施用有机无机生物活性肥料能明显提高蔬菜作物长势,提高甘蓝抗根腐和烂心病能力。在等氮条件下,与常规对照相比产量基本持平,差异并不显著;但每666.7m2可节约成本24元左右,幅度达30,7%。椐统计分析,甘蓝最佳施肥置以100kg/666,7m2为宜,此用量可比常规对照增产9.3%,每666.7m2增加收入295元。在施用总量不变的条件下,减少有机无机生物活性肥料基肥比例,甘蓝则有碱产趋势。     

Formulation challenges of organic poultry diets with readily available ingredients and limited synthetic methionine

Organic agriculture has increased greatly over the past several years as consumer demand for these products has risen. Organic meat production, including poultry, has grown especially quickly, resulting in increasingly stringent guidelines being put in place to ensure safe, uniform, and ideal products for these consumers. Feed formulation and manufacturing for organic poultry in the United States are strictly regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture National Organic Program. Currently, no synthetic amino acids are allowed to be used in organic poultry diets in the United States except for limited quantities of synthetic methionine since it is typically considered the first or second limiting amino acid in corn and soybean meal based poultry diets and it is a critical nutrient for maintaining bird growth and productive performance, especially regarding egg size in laying hens. The aim of the review herein is to discuss the impacts that current organic regulations on synthetic methionine have on diet formulation when using readily available ingredients. High levels of crude protein must be used to meet bird methionine requirements with this restriction in place, which both increases feed costs and can have negative impacts on bird health and on air quality and the surrounding environment due to increased ammonia emissions. Atypical feed formulation strategies have been explored to address this issue, including such methods as feeding alternative ingredients and providing forage materials. Another possibility would be to use an average lifetime maximum inclusion rate for synthetic methionine, which may allow for better flexibility to provide sufficient methionine throughout various phases of growth and production since the requirements of the bird change with age.     

河川基流分割法在山丘区地下水资源量评价中的运用

山丘区河川基流分割方法很多，采用不同方法的分割成果不尽相同。在地下水资源评价中，根据云南省自然地理独特，气候复杂多样，降水量丰沛，洪水频繁，河川径流过程线普遍呈连续多峰型的特性，寻求一种既能满足水资源综合规划要求，又符合云南实际分割河川基流量的方法，是地下水资源评价中的重要内容。采用适宜水均衡法和直线斜割法的径流资料分割河川基流量，求出两种方法之间的换算系数，修正水均衡法的分割成果，一是达到了以直线斜割法统一分割河川基流量的目的；二是提高了山丘区地下水资源量评价的精度，为探索山丘区地下水资源量及时空分布规律提供技术支撑。     

Experimental Study of Multifunctional Acid to Deliquesce Stratum-jam

Aiming at the oneness of acid to deliquesce stratum-jam applied in scene at the present time,which is incapable of deliquescing complex dirty simultaneously,this article confects a new multifunctional O/W acid.This acid is an emulsified mixture containing 15% hydrochloric acid as its extro-posture,high dissolved oil as its internal state under the function of some proper exterior active reagent.It is composed of 0.5%OP-10,0.5%Span80,0.2%Tween80,0.06%imidazole and 0.01%twelve-alcohol,and the content of oil is equal to the acid content.It can be indicated that this acid has good ability of resolving mineral(CaCO_3,MgCO_3) and organic compound(mainly colloidal bitumen) when it was poured into the stratum,so that it can deliquesce oleic stratum-jam,resume and improve the penetrability of stratum,boost the ability of liquid flowing up.     

黄土高原北部垄膜沟植田间集雨高效栽培技术研究

在黄土高原北部,采用起垄覆膜(垄上覆膜种植马铃薯,垄沟种植谷子)的垄沟间作田间集雨补灌栽培并结合增施氮、磷、钾化肥,具有显著的增产、增收效果。该技术可大大提高化肥的增产效果和肥料利用率,有明显的集雨增墒效果,同时采用起垄覆膜种植马铃薯与垄沟种植谷子能够合理利用有限的工程集雨,有利于充分利用有限的降水资源,进行节约化农业经营。     

有机无机肥料对小麦的肥效及其交互作用

在京郊大同肥力水平土壤上,有机肥和化肥配合施用小麦增产量最高,其增量在中、高肥力试验点上大于低肥力试验点.有机肥和化肥配合施用时的增产作用是它们各自增产效应之和,它们之间的交互效应不显著.在高肥力土壤上甚至有负的交互效应,即配台施用时的增产量小于分施时各自增产量之和.根据肥料试验,本文提出了京郊不同肥力水平土壤上小麦有机无机肥料配合施用量,并发现在低肥力土壤上随着有机肥的施用,化肥氮的用量增加,化肥磷用量可减少;在高肥力土壤上随有机肥的施用,化肥氮用量减少,化肥磷用量增加;在中等肥力土壤上配合有机肥的施用,氮磷化肥用量均个应减少,应略为增加.     

面向MC提升企业柔性的概念模型分析

大规模定制(简称MC)是应对目前市场激烈竞争的一种有效方式,它对企业的柔性能力提出了更高的要求。本文基于资源和能力角度,建立了面向MC提升企业柔性的整体模型,通过分析企业需要向MC转变的程度以及企业已具备的柔性与企业的理想柔性之间的差距,确定企业提升柔性的途径,并利用系统动力学方法给出了相应的因果关系结构图。     

咸水灌溉下土壤水盐变化的试验研究

2002年在内蒙古河套灌区红卫节水示范园进行了咸水灌溉试验,分析试验结果得出:咸水灌溉下的土壤经过秋浇后含盐量可以降到咸水灌溉前水平。以荷兰Wageningen农业大学等单位开发的土壤水分大气作物系统模拟软件SWAP为工具,应用示范园的土壤、水、盐分试验资料对模型的参数进行了率定和验证,模型模拟结果和田间试验结果符合较好。     

Irrigation and food security in the 21st century

Global food projections indicate that food prices in the next threedecades will likely be stable or decline, but progress inreducing malnutrition in developing countries will be slow. Smallshortfalls in crop productivity growth would lead to rising foodprices and worsening malnutrition. Increased food production fromirrigation is essential, and will require expansion of irrigatedarea and water supplies, and improved efficiency of use of existingwater supplies. Neither of these growth factors will prove easy, andboth will require complex institutional and policy reforms. Failureto meet food production needs through efficient expansion andintensification of irrigated agriculture would increase pressure onland resources and hasten the process of environmental degradation.Irrigation and water development strategies have been hampered bya lack of understanding of the links between water scarcity, foodproduction, food security, and environmental sustainability.Research to improve this understanding would have high payoffs.     

沼肥对水稻增产作用的研究

本文根据本所4年沼肥肥效定位试验结果,证实沼气发酵剩余物是一种缓速兼性的优质有机肥料。不仅沼液、浮渣、沉渣单独施用对水稻有较为显著的增产作用,而且沼液、浮渣、沉渣合并施用对水稻的增产作用更为显著,因此,必须纠正某些地方“弃渣用液”或“弃液用渣”的片面施用沼肥的现象,大力提倡全沼肥的合理施用。