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141.
Fourteen aphid species belonging to eight genera and three families of the superfamily Aphidoidea were presented from Isparta
region in fruit tree orchards. Among these, Dysaphis plantaginea, Aphis pomi and Dysaphis devecta, which cause harm to apples, are the most common species in the area because of the high amount of apple production. In addition,
eight species from the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), three from Syrphidae (Diptera) and one species from Forficulidae
(Dermaptera) were found as predator. Totally, eight species were determined as parasitoids from the families Aphidiidae, Aphelinidae
and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera). 相似文献
142.
143.
对阳泉市主要道路行道树的数量、种类、绿化宽度以及道路宽度等应用现状进行调查分析。结果表明,阳泉市主要街道中行道树的应用种类较为单一,道路景观缺乏艺术感,而且存在后期养护管理不足等问题。针对其存在的问题提出对策,以期使现状得到改善,更好地发挥行道树在阳泉市城市道路绿化中的生态及景观效应。 相似文献
144.
To optimize biomass and crude protein (CP) production for leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) in southern Texas, field trials
were conducted with treatment combinations of three levels of phosphorus (P) , two levels of Mg and two levels of soluble
trace element mixture (STEM). The P was banded in the soil while the Mg and micronutrient blend were applied to the foliage.
A combination of P (22 kg ha-1), Mg and STEM fertilizers significantly increased biomass from 2555 kg ha-1 to 3028 kg ha-1. This treatment was associated with an increase in leaf CP from 27.9% to 31.0%. P fertilizer had no significant effect on
leaf P, but significantly increased leaf nitrogen (N) and leaf copper (Cu). A foliar spray of Mg significantly increased leaf
N, P, and Cu. A foliar spray of a complete micronutrient blend increased leaf Cu. Biomass production was correlated positively
(decreasing order) with leaf Cu, N, and Mg and negatively with Zn. Leaf N was positively correlated with leaf P and calcium.
The critical tissue concentrations (CTC) (where 90% of predicted maximum leaf protein was obtained) were 0.18% and 4.49 mg
kg-1 for leaf P and Cu, respectively.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
145.
One hundred and fifty-four jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and 85 marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees were measured and assessed, and the numbers and sizes of hollows in these trees were determined by destructive sampling; 665 hollows were located and measured. The relationship between tree diameter and tree age was determined from counts of annual growth rings on 162 of these trees. Large trees and trees with moderately senescent crowns individually bear the most hollows. Although the number of hollows found in individual trees increased with tree diameter, the distribution of tree diameters in the forest is skewed and the large number of small trees with diameters between 40 and 80 cm contribute approximately 50% of all hollows in the jarrah forest. The distributions of entry size, and of hollow depth, are highly skewed, with small hollows occurring more frequently than large hollows. Although jarrah trees bear more hollows than marri trees and the distribution of entry sizes is similar for both tree species, the hollows in jarrah are significantly smaller than the hollows in marri. Most hollows are cylindrical in shape, vertically oriented and occur in dead wood in the tree crown. Relatively few hollows (14%) occur in the tree bole or at crown break. Counts of hollows made from ground level are inaccurate as estimates of the actual number of hollows in trees. 相似文献
146.
以乙酸乙酯为溶剂 ,无水AlCl3作催化剂 ,由大茴香油在室温下反应 4h ,合成了聚合物大茴香油聚合树脂 (简称PAOR) ,凝固点降低法测定了树脂的分子质量 ,对树脂进行IR、UV测试分析 ,并考察了树脂对桔皮色素的柱层析吸附分离性能。结果表明 ,合成树脂的分子质量约 1.0 2× 10 3,PAOR在 965cm- 1吸收峰减弱 ,在 70 0~ 80 0cm- 1之间出现 3个新峰 ;PAOR紫外最大吸收峰蓝移 11nm ,表明大茴香油中的双键参与了聚合反应 ,产物中存在芳环三取代物。讨论了反应机理 ,PAOR对桔皮色素有良好的吸附作用 ,树脂的重复使用性较好。 相似文献
147.
Forage and wood yield of Acacia cyanophylla, also known as Acacia saligna, was studied in a 300–400 mm precipitation zone in Tunisia. Yields were measured during and after drought. This short (2–8
m) evergreen leguminous tree is used as a forage drought reserve in frost free regions where mean annual precipitation exceeds
250 mm. The standing crop of leafy forage builds up year after year for at least four years or until the tree is cut. It rapidly
regrows after cutting from coppice shoots. The leaves provide high protein forage for sheep and goats during the long dry
summer season typical of the Mediterranean climate as well as emergency forage during drought. The tree is used to stabilize
moving sand dunes, and as a windbreak to protect cropland. It also provides fuelwood and increasaes soil nitrogen by fixation.
The need for supplemental irrigation during establishment is a major constraint.
Research in the 350 mm precipitation zone of Tunisia found 3.2 year old trees to yield over 1400 kg of forage standing crop
per hectare after a severe drought. Trees harvested at 2.5 years of age in May, during the worst drought in over 30 years,
yielded a standing forage crop of 724 kg per hectare. Forage regrowth 8 months after cutting and 4 months after rains returned
was 700 kg/ha. The forage standing crop for trees harvested only once during the 3.2 year period was double the amount of
forage regrowth from trees harvested the previous year, but mean annual forage yield similar. This demonstrates that it is
possible for forage to be conserved as a living forage reserve for later use during drought. Total wood yield was only 1621
kg/ha for trees cut twice compared to 3683 kg/ha for trees cut only once.
Annual cutting will substantially reduce the amount of forage available during drought and reduce the production of fuelwood.
It may also reduce the vigor, productivity and life of the tree. Acacia cyanophylla alley cropped on cereal farmland can protect the soil from erosion, protect the associated crop from wind damage, fix nitrogen,
provide fuelwood and provide a reserve of high quality forage for use during drought.
This work was supported by the Government of Tunisia and the U.S.A.I.D. Tunisia Range Development and Management Project (664-0312.8). 相似文献
148.
在现场调研和文献资料查阅的基础上,分析行道树遮挡交通标志的问题及原因,从交通标志设置、行道树设置及部门机制等方面提出相关的改善对策。
相似文献
149.
150.
Cristina Martínez-Garza Marcela Osorio-BeristainDavid Valenzuela-Galván Alondra Nicolás-Medina 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(12):2207-2218
Domestic livestock grazing and firewood extraction are chronic and pervasive disturbances in dry secondary forest that reduce diversity and modify composition. Exclosure of such disturbances may allow the reestablishment of original diversity. To investigate potential vegetation recovery following 30 years of perturbation, seed rain was evaluated monthly during 3 years in 96 0.78 m2 seed traps located in eight exclosures established in 2006 in a species-poor secondary dry forest in central Mexico. Twelve additional seed traps were located outside the exclosures in 2010 for comparison purposes. Baseline diversity of seed sources (trees, ?5 cm DBH) was recorded to compare standing tree composition with seed rain. Also, baseline diversity of potential primary (birds) and secondary (ants) dispersal vectors were registered to infer current plant-animal interactions. Total seed rain over 3 years within the exclosures comprised 180,375 seeds from 61 woody species, an average of 1.12 seeds/m2/month. Half of these species (31) and 95% of the seeds falling within the exclosures belonged to trees typical of perturbed sites. Sixty percent of all recorded seeds belonged to an early-successional, bird-dispersed shrub (Hamelia patens Jacq., Rubiaceae). Seed rain at one non-excluded plot was dominated by the wind-dispersed early-successional tree Heliocarpus sp. (Tiliaceae). Richness and seed density increased significantly in the second year of exclusion; however, by the third year, richness remained constant while seed density decreased. Seed rain was richer and more abundant during the dry season and was dominated by wind-dispersed species. Phenology, successional status and the dispersal modes of woody species explained most variance in richness and seed density of seed rain in early-successional dry forest. Seeds of early-successional species were dispersed in equal measure by abiotic and biotic vectors, whereas biotic vectors dispersed a higher density of late-successional seeds. The amount and timing of fall of abiotically dispersed seeds of the three most abundant species in the standing tree community may prolong their current domination of the landscape. However, even when richness in the seed rain within exclosures remained constant through time, composition was gradually shifting towards animal-dispersed species which may start a positive feedback producing an increase in animal visitation and a further increase of richness. 相似文献