Canine oral melanoma

Melanoma is the most common oral malignancy in the dog. Oral and/or mucosal melanoma has been routinely considered an extremely malignant tumor with a high degree of local invasiveness and high metastatic propensity. Primary tumor size has been found to be extremely prognostic. The World Health Organization staging scheme for dogs with oral melanoma is based on size, with stage I = <2-cm-diameter tumor, stage II = 2- to <4-cm-diameter tumor, stage III = > or = 4cm tumor and/or lymph node metastasis, and stage IV = distant metastasis. Median survival times for dogs with oral melanoma treated with surgery are approximately 17 to 18, 5 to 6, and 3 months with stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. Significant negative prognostic factors include stage, size, evidence of metastasis, and a variety of histologic criteria. Standardized treatments such as surgery, coarse-fractionation radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have afforded minimal to modest stage-dependent clinical benefits and death is usually due to systemic metastasis. Numerous immunotherapeutic strategies have been employed to date with limited clinical efficacy; however, the use of xenogeneic DNA vaccines may represent a leap forward in clinical efficacy. Oral melanoma is a spontaneous syngeneic cancer occurring in outbred, immunocompetent dogs and appears to be a more clinically faithful therapeutic model for human melanoma; further use of canine melanoma as a therapeutic model for human melanoma is strongly encouraged. In addition, the development of an expanded but clinically relevant staging system incorporating the aforementioned prognostic factors is also strongly encouraged.     

抑制素主动免疫对母牛卵泡发育的影响

本试验以猪精液抑制素粗提物主动免疫母牛,研究了对母牛卵泡发育和内分泌的影响。免疫,母牛的卵泡发育率为１４５．５％,排卵率为１１８．２％,分别比对照组提高４５．５％和１８．２％。通过放射免疫法对免疫牛血液中ＦＳＨ,ＬＨ,Ｅ２水平测定发现,发情时免疫组母牛ＦＳＨ水平高于对照组,免疫组中多卵发育牛ＦＳＨ水平高于单卵牛,免疫组与对照组中ＬＨ水平相差不大,多卵牛发情时Ｅ２水平较高。     

抑制素被动免疫对大鼠排卵率及血浆雌二醇与孕酮的影响

本试验研究了注射人抑制素α亚基（１－２６）Ｔｙｒ．Ｇｌｙ抗血清对大鼠排卵率、血浆Ｅ２与Ｐ水平的影响。     

盐酸诺氟沙星在奥尼罗非鱼体内的生物利用度研究

采用高效液相色谱法分别测定静脉注射和混饲口灌奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus)盐酸诺氟沙星后鱼体血液中该药含量变化,用3P97药动学软件分析药动学参数,计算生物利用度.结果表明,在(25±1)℃水温下,以10 mg/kg剂量对奥尼罗非鱼静脉注射和混饲口灌盐酸诺氟沙星,静脉注射药时...     

我院英专口语测试系统的质量分析和完善对策

援引测试学的有关理论．分析我院英语专业英语口语测试系统存在的一些关于效度、信度和反拨效应的质量问题．并就此提出相应的完善目前英专口语测试系统的对策。     

Protection of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) against the white spot syndrome virus using specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins by oral delivery

Two kinds of specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs), IgY‐WSSV and IgY‐VP28, were, respectively, raised against the 2 mM binary ethylenimine (BEI)‐inactivated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and a principal envelope protein VP28. The activity of purified specific IgYs was stable under the conditions of 20–70 °C, pH 3.0–10.0 and 0–700 g L^?1 sucrose solution. In the neutralization assay, these high‐affinity IgY antibodies can specifically bind with the virus particles to protect shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) against WSSV infection. After oral delivery for 20 days, the IgY‐WSSV exerted a higher protection effect (RPS: 71.5%) than IgY‐VP28 (RPS: 63.7%). Moreover, an increase in RPS (79.2%) was found on addition of IgY‐WSSV:VP28 (0.1% IgY‐VP28 plus 0.2% IgY‐WSSV). This may indicate that neutralization of WSSV refers to the multiple‐hit model. By time‐course study of the levels of the specific IgYs in vivo, the data showed that the titre was enhanced to a relatively high level (P/N=8.35±0.45) at 3 days post administration, declined slightly (P/N=7.13±1.01) at 7 days post administration and then remained stable for further investigation. The stable antibody level potentially contributes towards blocking a large number of WSSV particles from entering and infecting on the major tissues at the early and late stages after challenge in shrimp.     

缢蛏2-CRD型半乳糖凝集素(Galectin)基因的克隆和表达分析

利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术获得了缢蛏半乳糖凝集素基因(ScGL)。ScGL全长为1 282 bp,5′非编码区35 bp,3′非编码区329 bp,开放阅读框(ORF) 918 bp,编码305个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示,ScGL无跨膜结构域,与已报道的缢蛏半乳糖凝集素含1个糖识别结构域(CRD)不同,ScGL具有2个CRD。相似性分析显示,ScGL与其他软体动物的半乳糖凝集素具有较高的相似性,与菲律宾蛤仔相似性最高,达65%;与已报道的2个缢蛏半乳糖凝集素相似性分别为39.74%和44.76%。系统进化上ScGL与菲律宾蛤仔半乳糖凝集素聚为一支。重组表达发现ScGL在包涵体表达,分子量约34.4 ku。荧光定量PCR分析显示,ScGL在缢蛏鳃、肠、唇瓣、外套膜、出水管、入水管、足和内脏团中均表达;其中肠、内脏团、唇瓣和足中表达量较高,出水管和入水管中表达量最低。消化腺ScGL表达量分别在金黄色葡萄球菌感染后3 h和48 h显著高于对照组;鳃ScGL表达量分别在鳗弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染后6 h和48 h显著高于对照组,说明ScGL参与了病原体诱导的缢蛏免疫应答。本研究为深入探索ScGL在缢蛏免疫中的作用奠定基础。     

Linking size‐based trophodynamics and morphological traits in marine fishes

The rule of thumb in marine trophodynamics indicates that the bigger an organism, the higher its trophic level (TROPH). This generalization leads to the assumption that fishes increase their TROPH with growth. However, a recent review showed that for many species, TROPH does not increase with body size, suggesting that size‐independent feeding is not rare in marine fishes. Here, we assessed some morphological traits of marine fishes that could potentially be used as indicators for the ability to vary TROPH with body size. Stable isotope values of nitrogen were used as a proxy TROPH. The specific objectives were as follows: (a) to evaluate the relationship between the oral gape and the trophodynamic trend and (b) to quantify the relevance of 11 external morphological traits in determining the size‐based trophodynamics. We used random forest models to identify the morphological traits that would help predict which species would have the potential to increase TROPH with growth and which would have not. The selected traits included the pelvic fin relative position, the dorsal fin shape, total length, and relative mouth size. Our results also showed a marked relationship between the rate of increase in the oral gape and TROPH. The analyses presented here provide the first comprehensive and quantitative review aiming at linking the trophodynamics of marine fishes with external morphological traits.     

菌草灵芝孢子粉增强免疫调节作用研究

120只SPF级昆明种雌性小鼠平均分成3组，菌草灵芝孢子粉分三个剂量组给小鼠灌胃，共30d。测定小鼠的体重、免疫器官脏器／体重比值、迟发型变态反应（DTH）、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化能力、抗体生成细胞数、半数溶血值（HC50）、单核一巨噬细胞碳廓清、巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞吞噬率指标。结果：0．150g／kg．bw剂量能提高小鼠的半数溶血值（P〈0．05）；0．450g／kg．bw剂量能提高小鼠迟发型变态反应（DTH）能力、ConA诱导的淋巴细胞转化能力、增加抗体生成细胞数（P〈0．05）；菌草灵芝孢子粉对小鼠体重增长、胸噱体重比值、脾脏体重比值、单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清能力、小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力均无明显影响（P〉0．05）。     

Evaluation of the optimal strong ion difference concentration of an oral electrolyte and buffering solution for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea

An observational study was conducted to comparatively assess the efficacy of three different oral rehydration and buffering solutions, differentiated by their strong ion difference (SID) concentration, for treatment of neonatal calves with naturally acquired diarrhea. The SID concentrations tested were 100 mM, 170 mM and 230 mM for treatments SID₁₀₀, SID₁₇₀ and SID₂₃₀, respectively. Clinical assessment and blood gas analysis were completed for 18 diarrheic calves once pre- and twice post- (6 and 24 hr after) oral administration with one of the three treatments. A repeated measure mixed model approach was used to analyze (a) the within-group efficacy of each treatment over time and (b) the between-group comparison at each timepoint. SID₂₃₀ treatment resulted in a significant increase in blood pH, HCO₃⁻, BE, SID and Na⁺ at 6 and 24 hr after treatment, and a significant decrease in AG and K⁺ by 24 hr after treatment. There were no significant changes in any of the blood gas parameters after treatment with SID₁₀₀ and SID₁₇₀. SID₂₃₀ treatment also resulted in blood gas parameter changes that were significantly different to the other two groups. These results suggest that the optimum SID concentration for the treatment of calves with diarrhea is likely to be higher than current recommendations.