大型低扬程泵装置优化设计与试验

为了对配置肘形进水流道和虹吸式出水流道的立式泵装置进行深入的研究,得到一种高效的立式泵装置,在肘形进水流道和虹吸出水流道型线数学模型基础上,开发了基于流道设计参数的优化设计软件,能快速进行流道型线的绘制,使流道的型线自动符合一维流速渐变的原则,并对虹吸出水流道的最优驼峰位置进行了理论分析。结合计算流体动力学技术,对待建的某大型低扬程泵站进行了肘形进水流道和虹吸出水流道的优化设计,得到了水力性能优良的进出水流道型线方案。根据泵装置水力模型比选试验,优选出了效率高、高效运行范围宽、无不稳定运行区、汽蚀性能好的高比转数导叶式混流泵211-80模型,在配置优化了的进出水流道的基础上使泵装置在扬程 5.4 m时模型装置效率达到了79.62%。该泵装置的优化设计方法与试验结果对相同装置型式的大型低扬程泵站建设具有重要的参考价值。     

个人所得税改革如何体现效率和公平

经过十多年的运行,中国现行个人所得税在增加财政收入和调节社会财富差距上作出贡献后,其弊病也在不断突出。为了能让个人所得税在国民经济中近一步发挥其重要作用,个人所得税改革势在必行。本文就是围绕这个课题展开研究,通过吸收世界各国税制改革的理论与实践成果,对中国现行个人所得税进行分析,同时提出其改革方向和措施,促进中国个人所得税更加合理,更有效率,更加公平。     

基于转向特性曲线的拖拉机前轴改进设计

针对轮式拖拉机转向系统的关键问题,对比、分析拖拉机前轴转向的2种布置方式的转向特性曲线,在此基础上对原有拖拉机前轴转向布置方式进行改进,提高其与整机的匹配性能,解决了实际操作中出现的侧滑、磨损等问题。     

35kV小型化模式变电所优化组合的研究与应用

通过两种“小型化模式变电所”接线的优化组合，对主开关部件加以研究改造，使其能适合于既有供电用户又有小水电上网负荷区域运行的３５ｋＶ小型化全户外式变电所，在浙江省余姚市梨洲获得成功。在减少投资、节约土地、缩短周期、降低运行费用等方面效益显著。     

油松毛虫越冬幼虫“部分轮枝抽样”技术的研究

本文探讨以油松的“部分轮枝”(从油松基部起第1,2,3轮枝层中着生1,2a生针叶的枝条段构成的轮枝层)代替整株油松作为样本单元,估计油松毛虫越冬幼虫口密度的可行性;拟合积性模型建立了越冬幼虫种群的“部分轮枝抽样”模型;并对模型的估计精度、可靠性及置信区间进行了分析,导出了理论抽样数的计算公式;最后对“部分轮枝抽样”模型进行了实际应用检验。     

Using a Chlorophyll Meter to Optimize Nitrogen Fertilizer Application for Intensively-Managed Small-Grain Cereals

Most methods used to estimate N status require collection, processing and analysis of soil and/or plant tissue samples. In this study, leaf chlorophyll content of cereals, determined in the field with a portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502), was used to predict N availability of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), oats ( Avena sativa L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.). The results indicated that accurate nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations based on chlorophyll content have both environmental and economic advantages. Determination of leaf chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll meter accurately indicated plant N status allowing N fertilizer requirement to be accurately determined and resulting in increased N uptake efficiency. Applying N fertilizer on this basis improved production economics and improved physical input-output ratio during grain yield formation. Using a chlorophyll meter, responsive and non-responsive categories can be determined at the stage of maximum number of florets per ear primordium (Zadoks' GS 37-41) and at pollination (i.e. pollen grains on well-developed stigmatic hairs, GS 52-58).     

红菜苔种株采收适期的研究

该试验分析了红菜苔（Brassicacampestuisvarpurpurea）种株不同采收期对种子产量和种子质量的影响。种子质量是以种子活力、种子发芽力和种子大小进行评价的。结果显示，红菜苔十月红一号品种在种株最老熟荚果内籽粒变色后13天为最佳采收期。     

Dynamic Optimum Control and Simulation of EGCS Based on the Field Knowledge

The authors study on Elevator Group Control System(EGCS) based on the field knowledge, the dynamic optimum control method is proposed and the analysis and design models facing the object are built. Using the MFC frame construction in VC, simulation is proceeded successfully to the EGCS with dynamic optimum control. And contrasting the general method assigning the signals invoked inside the hall at the same condition, the method gets the satisfied control result.     

采用遗传算法计入摩擦力作用的标准斜齿轮传动模糊可靠优化

传统的齿轮强度理论不考虑齿间摩擦的影响。针对这一观点，该文以渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的小齿轮齿数、法面模数、螺旋角、齿宽系数为设计变量，以两齿轮的体积之和为最小目标函数，通过应用模糊设计理论和可靠性设计理论，建立摩擦力作用下标准斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的模糊可靠性优化设计的数学模型，并采用遗传算法对其进行优化。研究表明，效果很好。     

Optimization of Farmyard Manure to Substitute Mineral Fertilizer for Sustainable Productivity and Higher Carbon Sequestration Potential and Profitability under Gardenpea-French Bean Cropping System in the Indian Himalayas

Carbon sequestration potential (CSP) and sustainability of gardenpea-french bean cropping system was assessed with farmyard manure (FYM) application vis-à-vis mineral fertilization as recommended NPK (NPK) and integrated nutrient management practices (INM) after six years’ cropping in Indian Himalayas. Application of 20 tons FYM ha^?1 provided highest CSP (0.527 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1) in soil and sustainability index. With the help of quadratic equations, it was estimated that maximum profit (optimum yield) and turn over of invested money could be achieved with application of 20.0 and 15.6 t FYM ha^?1, respectively. Application of 5.9 and 8.9 tons FYM ha^?1 would substitute NPK and INM, respectively. Pod number plant^?1 was the most important yield-contributing attribute as found from principal component analysis. Pod yield could be modelled through multiple linear equation with help of yield attributes.