提高大石早生李坐果率试验研究

为提高大石早生李初果期坐果率,于盛花期进行人工授粉、环剥和环割、喷施激素和微肥试验。结果表明:选择盖县大李和香蕉李作授粉树,盛花期对主干进行环剥、喷施30×10-6赤霉素、100×10-6氯化稀土、03%硼砂+03%尿素,均能显著提高大石早生李坐果率。     

南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术探析

介绍了南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术,主要包择、基地选择、精细整地、注意墒情和冻害、精选种薯、合理施肥、适时播种、化学除草、适时放苗、病虫害防治、收获贮藏等。     

几类叶面肥对金华大白桃果实经济性状的影响

[目的]筛选有助于增进金华大白桃品质的叶面肥和生长调节剂。[方法]研究7种叶面肥和生长调节剂对金华大白桃果实主要经济性状以及生长发育的影响。[结果]幼果期适时喷施福施壮和S-诱抗素后,大白桃单果重、可溶性固形物含量等果实主要经济性状显著高于对照,并明显优于其他处理。活清浇施处理明显提高了金华大白桃的品质。[结论]喷施福施壮、S-诱抗素和浇施活清对提高金华大白桃品质作用明显,适合在生产上推广应用。     

外源钙水平与花生下针期不同土壤水分对植株生理特性的影响

沿海耕作风砂土土壤缺钙与干旱常相伴发生。通过盆栽试验，研究了不同钙肥水平下花生下针期至结荚初期土壤水分管理对植株生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明，下针期(553)%（LW）、 (753)%（MW）和(953)%（HW）三种田间持水量条件下，叶片SPAD值、 净光合速率、 水分利用效率及产量均随着钙肥用量的增加而提高，其中施钙肥的花生荚果产量增幅12.2% ~19.4%，而三种钙肥水平下，MW比LW与HW的荚果产量分别显著提高18.7%与56.5%，说明下针期过高或过低的水分均不利于光合作用及产量形成，尤其高水量条件下，其根系活力显著下降。花生成熟期产量与下针期叶片SPAD值、 净光合速率、 水分利用效率及根系活力呈显著正相关; 不同水分管理与钙肥水平均显著影响花生产量，但水钙间产量交互效应不明显。耕作风砂土上增施钙肥增产潜力大，且一定程度上可缓解旱情，花生下针期调控约75%的田间持水量，其光合速率与产量最高。     

Rice Growth and Nutrient Accumulation as Affected by Different Composts

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of four different kinds of compost: pea–rice hull compost (PRC), cattle dung–tea compost (CTC), hog dung–rice hull compost (HDR), and hog dung–sawdust compost (HDS). These types of compost differ in nitrogen composition and in the dry matter yield and nutrient accumulation [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)], of rice plants. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were planted in an Oxisol soil. Plants were cultivated in pots, which contained 3 kg of soil, mixed with the four different composts (PRC, 404 g; CTC, 395 g; HDR, and HDS, 450 g) and chemical fertilizer (CHEM) (N:P₂O₅:K₂O=120:96:72) The residual effect was studied after the crop was harvested. All treatments were replicated four times, with a randomized complete block design. The nutrient concentrations in the root, leaf sheath, leaf blade, stalk, and grain were analyzed at different growth stages. After the first crop, the dry matter yield and the amount of N, P, and K absorbed from the CTC or HDS treatments were higher than those of the other treatments, at the most active tillering stage. The growth and nutrient accumulation of rice plants given the PRC treatment were higher than those given the CHEM treatment at the heading stage or the HDR treatment at the maturity stage. In the second crop, the dry matter yield from the PRC, CTC, and HDR treatments was higher than from the other treatments. The nutrient accumulation of the rice plants was positively correlated with the dry matter yield. The residual effect of the HDS compost was the least among all four composts.     

施肥量和施肥方式对人工混播草地产草量的影响

采用裂区试验设计探讨了施肥量和施肥方式两个因素对以苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草为主的人工混播草地产草量的影响,结果表明:随着施肥量增加,鲜草产量明显提高,不同施肥量处理间产量差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);随着基肥比例的增大,追肥比例的减少,鲜草产量反而降低,不同基肥比例处理间产量差异也达极显著水平(P<0.01).另外,相同氮肥量条件下3种施用方式处理与相应的鲜草产量间都成直线关系(r5:5=0.9771**,r6:4=0.9630**,r7:3=0.9643**).     

几种蔬菜的钾肥效应研究

不同蔬菜在不同土壤上的施钾效应研究结果表明：施用钾肥，能促进蔬菜植株的生长，显著提高产量。在一定钾肥用量范围内，产量随钾肥水平提高而提高，超过一定量时，产量并不增加。钾素营养能提高果实中 Ｖｃ 和全糖的含量，改善贮藏特性。 Ｖｃ 含量的提高效应与产量效应一致，但糖分的含量在稍低钾素水平上出现。由于产量提高和品质改善的效应，施钾经济效益十分显著，产投比大。     

Estimation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Dryland Agroecosystem

A field trial was carried out to study the nitrogen fertilizer recovery by four crops in succession in manurial loess soil in Yangling. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer not only had the significant effects on the first crop , but also had longer residual effects, even on the fourth crop. The average apparent nitrogen fertilizer recovery by the first crop was 31.7%, and the accumulative nitrogen recovery by the 4 crops was high as 62.3%, and the latter was double as the former. It is quite clear that the nitrogen fertilizer recovery by the first crop was not reliable for estimating the nitrogen fertilizer unless the residual effect of nitrogen fertilizer was included.     

新型稀有元素微肥研制配方的肥效试验

对洛阳市农科所新技术开发公司研制的4个不同配方的新型稀有元素微肥在莲豆上进行了肥效试验，结果表明：Ⅱ^#配方的微肥产品，对莲豆的营养生长和生殖生长均有十分显著的促进作用，不但可以促进莲豆的生长发育，而且可以大幅度地提高莲豆的英果产量，是施用于英果类蔬菜作物营养平衡、肥效较好的最佳配方；Ⅱ^#微肥还可能更广泛地适用于以营养体为收获对象的茎叶类蔬菜作物，在高效多功能生态农业微肥新产品的研制开发方面具有较高的利用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

花生施用TBS环保生态肥和三元复混肥试验简报

花生施用TBS环保生态肥、三元复混肥作花生基肥，能促进植株健壮生长，增加单株结果数，提高饱果率，从而提高花生产量和经济效益。尤其施用TBS环保生态肥比对照增长15．4％，效果尤为显著，同时也尤于施三元复混肥。