低比转数离心泵叶轮出口紊流流动结构分析

在叶轮内三维紊流流动数值计算的基础上，从介质能量的观点，分析了不同工况下低比转数离心泵叶轮出口处的紊流流动结构。数值计算采用SIMPLEC算法，在贴体坐标系下求解Navier—Stokes方程，紊流模型采用标准的κ—ε模型。计算结果表明，在叶轮的出口附近靠近吸力面一侧存在一个低能区，而压力面一侧能量相对较高。这与有关文献中所指出的离心风机的“射流—尾流”结构相对应。当偏离设计工况时，该低能区的范围和强度略有增加，相对应的叶轮效率也降低。计算结果与水泵在这些工况下的效率实验结果相一致，说明低能区的存在是影响低比转数离心泵效率的重要因素。     

优化运行理论在泵站综合自动化系统中的应用

利用改进的神经元网络构建了泵站流量以及效率预测模型，并利用改进的遗传算法构建了泵站优化模型。将这两个模型应用到泵站综合自动化系统中，可以完成对泵站流量及效率的准确预测，并在此基础上实现泵站的优化运行。讨论了泵站优化运行理论在泵站综合自动化系统中应用的步骤和方法。     

免耕精量直插点播偏置滑块机构的参数优化

以免耕直插式精量点播器的偏置滑块机构为研究对象,为实现该点播器接近零速投种对其结构参数进行优化分析。对偏置滑块的偏置距离e在[0,25]内抽出11组进行仿真分析。优化分析的结果表明:滑块偏置的距离e=10mm,点播器的鸭嘴入出土位移差s=68mm,鸭嘴在入出土瞬时速度v=42mm/s,曲柄摆角θ=30°。     

354拖拉机与1.5m旋耕机配套性能分析

通过动力特性分析,解决了拖拉机动力输出轴转速高,输出扭矩较小,不能克服土壤对旋耕机的阻力矩,无法正常作业的问题.     

Sensitivity analysis of optimal operation of irrigation supply systems with water quality considerations

A model for optimal operation of water supply/irrigation systems of various water quality sources, with treatment plants, multiple water quality conservative factors, and dilution junctions is presented. The objective function includes water cost at the sources, water conveyance costs which account for the hydraulics of the network indirectly, water treatment cost, and yield reduction costs of irrigated crops due to irrigation with poor quality water. The model can be used for systems with supply by canals as well as pipes, which serve both drinking water demands of urban/rural consumers and field irrigation requirements. The general nonlinear optimization problem has been simplified by decomposing it to a problem with linear constraints and nonlinear objective function. This problem is solved using the projected gradient method. The method is demonstrated for a regional water supply system in southern Israel that contains 39 pipes, 37 nodes, 11 sources, 10 agricultural consumers, and 4 domestic consumers. The optimal operation solution is described by discharge and salinity values for all pipes of the network. Sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in the parameters is examined. The solution was found to be sensitive to the upper limit on drinking water quality, with total cost being reduced by 5% as the upper limit increases from 260 to 600 mg Cl l^–1. The effect of income from unit crop yield is more pronounced. An increase of income by a factor of 20 results in an increase of the total cost by a factor of 3, thus encouraging more use of fresh water as long as the marginal cost of water supply is smaller than the marginal decrease in yield loss. The effect of conveyance cost becomes more pronounced as its cost increases. An increase by a factor of 100 results in an increase of the total cost by about 14%. The network studied has a long pipe that connects two distinct parts of the network and permits the supply of fresh water from one part to the other. Increasing the maximum permitted discharge in this pipe from 0 to 200 m³ h^–1 reduces the total cost by 11%. Increasing the maximum discharge at one of the sources from 90 to 300 m³ h^–1 reduces the total cost by about 8%.     

基于框架理论的变电站操作票自动生成系统

介绍了一种基于框架理论的变电站操作票自动生成系统。该系统用框架知识表示法来描述电力系统的设备参数，建构了一个直观的、层次分明的数据结构。通过融合框架理论于面向对象的语言VC 中，开发出了一个集通用、实用、智能于一体的操作票专家系统。     

A study of water distribution from a branch to distributary canals: A case study of Gugera Branch,Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted on Gugera Branch of Lower Chenab Canal, Punjab, Pakistan. Sample distributaries off taking from Gugera Branch were selected for the study. The existing conditions of water distribution among the distributaries were studied. Field data were collected during the whole of 1988. Field observations suggested that the variability at the head of distributaries is much greater than the variability in the Gugera Branch under existing operational practices. The distribution of water among the distributaries is rarely in accordance with design criteria. Some channels get priority over other channels. The annual closure period varied from 17 to 41 days for different channels. The discharge at the head of distributaries remained lower than the standard operational range for 69 to 183 days in a year. The data suggested that a regulating gate at the head of the distributary can reduce discharge variation up to 2.4 times compared with a Karrees System (wooden stop logs used for water regulation). The data indicated that the adjustments in the head gate of a distributary on daily basis can substantially improve discharge conditions at the head of distributary. Rotational schedules are not being followed as per design and need to be improved. Most of the existing head discharge relationships of discharge measuring structures are not reliable. A frequent calibration of these structures is recommended.     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

多元线性回归和神经网络在水库调度中的应用比较研究

采用多元线性回归和改进人工神经网络算法分别建立水库多目标调度函数，并进行实例计算验证。通过比较分析，表明人工神经网络的非线性映射能力能够更好地反映水库调度中多个自变量和因变量之间的复杂关系，具有较高的模拟精度和较好的可行性，且应用简便。     

灌溉渠系运行计算机模拟技术的开发

借鉴日本以及其他国家在灌溉渠系水管理方面的成果和经验，结合我国灌区的实际情况，建立了较完整的渠系运行模型，编制了具有一定通用性和可扩充性的计算机模拟软件。实践表明，该软件对于测试和评价渠系的力学特性、工程控制特性和管理调度特性是有效的，它为改进灌区水管理提供了一个科学、简便、可行的技术手段。