基于图像处理技术的海洋微藻数量统计方法

根据海洋微藻显微图像的特点,利用图像处理技术给出了自动统计海洋微藻数量的方法.该方法首先对微藻图像进行小波去噪,并对去噪后的图像通过形态学的膨胀运算进行增强;然后利用最大类间方差法和形态学的开运算对增强后的图像进行分割;最后对分割后的二值图像进行微藻区域标记,统计出在图像中的微藻数量,进而计算出水体中微藻的浓度.利用本文中所给出的方法编写了海洋微藻数量自动统计软件,仿真试验结果表明,该方法有效、可行.     

海藻乙醇提取物抗真菌活性

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法对福建沿海几种常见海藻的抗真菌活性进行了筛选.结果表明:孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)的乙醇提取物对链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicae),浒苔(Enterom orphasp)、沙菜(Hypneasp)、江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa)的乙醇提取物对甜椒灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)的菌丝生长抑制率都在40%以上;江蓠、沙菜和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)的乙醇提取物对香蕉炭疽菌(Gloeosporium musarum)和苹果青霉菌(Penicillium expansum)孢子萌发的抑制率都在90%以上;羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiform e)乙醇提取物对苹果青霉菌的孢子萌发抑制率也在90%以上.化学预试验法结果表明,抗菌活性成分可能为酚类、糖类、内酯或甾醇.     

农副产品及废弃物化感抑藻作用的研究与机理

农副产品废弃物作为可再生性、可降解性的生物质资源,在农村被大量的丢弃和焚烧,给环境造成了极大地危害.通过一系列技术处理,可以从农副产品和废弃物中提取化感物质,应用于海水和淡水中藻类的抑制,以有效利用废物资源.文章对化感作用的概念、20种农副产品及废弃物对19种藻类的化感抑制作用以及化感作用抑藻机理等进行了较系统的论述,对今后植物化感作用抑藻技术的研究方向进行了展望.提出应多学科结合,利用化感物质对不同藻类的影响及其选择性抑制机理做更深入的研究.     

二溴海因和活性炭对水培绿藻的影响

本文以绿萝为试验材料,研究不同浓度二溴海因和活性炭对水培绿藻的影响。结果表明,在一定时间内,二溴海因50mg/L+活性炭2 g/L除藻效果最好,且不会对植物的生长发育造成不良影响,对营养液电导率的影响也较小;适宜浓度的活性炭和二溴海因除藻效果优良,浓度过低除藻效果不明显,浓度过高影响植物正常生长,所以在除藻过程中掌握合适的浓度范围是关键。     

Pyrosequencing Reveals Significant Changes in Microbial Communities Along the Ecological Succession of Biological Soil Crusts in the Tengger Desert of China

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) have important ecological functions in arid and semiarid lands, but they remain poorly understood in terms of the changes in microbial communities during BSC succession under in situ field conditions. Here, 454 pyrosequencing was used to assess the microbial community composition of four BSC types in the Tengger Desert of China: alga, lichen (cyanolichen and green alga-lichen), and moss crusts, representing early, middle, and final successional stages of BSCs, respectively. The results showed the highest diversity of microbial communities inhabiting lichen crusts, whereas the lowest diversity was observed in moss crusts. Five phyla, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria, accounted for about 72% to 87% of total prokaryotic sequences in different BSCs. The most abundant eukaryotic microorganism was Ascomycota, accounting for 47% to 93% of the total eukaryotic sequences. Along the succession of BSCs, the abundance of photoautotrophic Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta declined, and that of heterotrophic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi increased. Statistical analysis showed clear divergency of microbial taxa at the class level among the different successional stages of BSCs. The clustering results at class level showed that the moss crusts were the farthest from the rest in prokaryotic composition; the alga crusts were the most different in terms of eukaryotic microorganisms and the two kinds of lichen crusts were relatively closer in both compositions. Ordination analysis showed that the main variations of community structure among BSCs could be explained best by the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota and by physiochemical properties of BSCs, including mechanical composition, moisture, and electrical conductivity. In conclusion, our results indicate that Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota likely play an important role in the evolution of BSC structure and functions and highlight the importance of environmental factors in shaping microbial community structures of BSCs in the Tengger Desert of China.     

沉水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的研究进展

根据国内外相关报道,重点对9科15种沉水植物化感作用物质的构成及抑制15种藻类的生长,沉水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的机理等方面的研究进展进行综合评述。     

Growth and survival of the juvenile yellowleg shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis cohabiting with the green feather alga Caulerpa sertularioides at different temperatures

This study was performed to determine the growth and survival patterns of the juvenile yellowleg shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis cohabiting with the green feather alga Caulerpa sertularioides over a range of temperatures (18, 22, 25, 28 and 32°C) found throughout the year in the Gulf of California. From an initial weight of 46 ± 10 mg, shrimp cohabiting with green feather algae increased in weight by an average of 0.57 (±0.07), 5.44 (±0.45), 6.36 (±0.37), 7.66 (±0.26) and 5.96 (±0.59) g at 18, 22, 25, 28 and 32°C, respectively, whereas shrimp grown without seaweed increased in weight by an average of 0.28 (±0.026), 2.66 (±0.24), 3.15 (±0.49), 4.00 (±0.67), and 3.54 (±0.09) g respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed for the growth rates of juvenile yellowleg shrimp in the presence of C. sertularioides and peak growth was observed at 28°C in experiments with macroalgae. No significant differences were observed for shrimp survival except at 32°C without macroalgae, where survival was lower. These results suggest a beneficial and growth‐promoting effect of cohabitation with live C. sertularioides on F. californiensis.     

海藻多酚功能性作用机制及其应用研究

海藻多酚(Algae Polyphenols)是海藻次级代谢产物,可保护海藻自身免受植食性动物干扰,因其具有多种生物学活性,已成为人们对海洋活性物质研究的热点。本研究中对海藻多酚提取工艺和分离纯化技术进行综述,阐明了海藻多酚的抗氧化、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、抗炎症、抗血凝、葡萄糖稳态调节等生物学活性作用机制,以及海藻多酚化学结构与其生物学活性的构效关系,总结了海藻多酚的应用现状,表明海藻多酚具有可持续性高值化利用发展的价值。同时指出今后需加强海藻多酚功能性结构、活性作用机制、产品应用开发的研究,海藻多酚在工农业生产中具有广大应用前景。     

Characterization of ACE Inhibitory Peptides Prepared from Pyropia pseudolinearis Protein

More than 7000 red algae species have been classified. Although most of them are underused, they are a protein-rich marine resource. The hydrolysates of red algal proteins are good candidates for the inhibition of the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE). The ACE is one of the key factors for cardiovascular disease, and the inhibition of ACE activity is related to the prevention of high blood pressure. To better understand the relationship between the hydrolysates of red algal proteins and the inhibition of ACE activity, we attempted to identify novel ACE inhibitory peptides from Pyropia pseudolinearis. We prepared water soluble proteins (WSP) containing phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. In vitro analysis showed that the thermolysin hydrolysate of the WSP had high ACE inhibitory activity compared to that of WSP. We then identified 42 peptides in the hydrolysate by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Among 42 peptides, 23 peptides were found in chloroplast proteins. We then synthesized the uncharacterized peptides ARY, YLR, and LRM and measured the ACE inhibitory activity. LRM showed a low IC₅₀ value (0.15 μmol) compared to ARY and YLR (1.3 and 5.8 μmol). In silico analysis revealed that the LRM sequence was conserved in cpcA from Bangiales and Florideophyceae, indicating that the novel ACE inhibitory peptide LRM was highly conserved in red algae.     

A comparison of physical properties, oxalate-oxalic acid soluble substances, protein content, and in vitro protein digestibility of the blue-green algaNostoc commune Vauch. from the Philippines and Japan

The physical properties, amount of oxalate-oxalic acid soluble substances (OOSS), protein and in vitro protein digestibility ofNostoc commune from the Philippines and Japan were determined. The samples were the spherical type from the Philippines (PS), the dry field discoid type from the Philippines (PD), and the dry field discoid type from Japan (JD). The discoid types, PD and JD, regardless of origin showed higher settling volume in water (SV) and bulk density than PS. The OOSS values obtained for all samples were directly related to SV and bulk density. The WHC level was highest in PS. This desirable characteristic makes PS a technologically potential sample for large-scale food production applications in the future. Protein and in vitro protein digestibility varied significantly among all samples. In general, the algal samples examined posses desirable physical properties which are expected to be related to physiological functions.