肉兔日粮中添加异麦芽寡糖饲喂效果研究

选用年龄、体重相近的断奶新西兰白兔40只和加利福尼亚兔20只,分成4组,分别饲喂含异麦芽寡糖(IOS)0％(对照组)、0.15％、0.3％和喹乙醇0.01％的日粮,研究IOS对肉兔生产性能及其腹泻发病率、死亡率的影响。结果如下:①0.3％IOS组日增重分别较对照组、0.15％IOS组、 喹乙醇组降低14.44％、15.74％、17.76％(P<0.01),料肉比较对照组、喹乙醇组高20.98％、22.31%(P<0.01),较0.15％IOS组高17.15％(P<0.05)。0.15％IOS组与对照组、喹乙醇组相比,日增重、料肉比差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明0.3％IOS对肉兔生长及饲料利用均不利。②0.15％IOS组、0.3％IOS组与对照组相比,肉兔腹泻发病率分别降低50.0％、62.5％,死亡率降低66.5％、100％;与喹乙醇组相比,腹泻发病率虽高,但亦无一只因病死亡。表明添加IOS后可有效降低肉兔腹泻发病率和死亡率。③本试验结果初步表明,添加0.15％IOS对肉兔日增重、料肉比无影响,且可显著降低其腹泻发病率和死亡率,可部分替代喹乙醇使用。     

多轮定向酶解木聚糖制备木低聚糖的研究

研究了多轮定向酶解未水解木聚糖的低聚糖组成、得率、适宜的用酶量及重复利用未水解底物的次数。结果表明 ,随着轮数的增加 ,木聚糖被降解的难度越来越大 ,而且木低聚糖的组成、平均聚合度也发生变化。采用逐步加大用酶量同时适当缩短酶解时间的方法 ,不仅能够获得较高的木低聚糖得率 ,而且可以改善酶解液的澄清度。但在实际生产中 ,重复利用未水解木聚糖的轮数应以 2～ 3轮为宜     

海藻酸钠寡糖对烟草幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

采用酶解法获得海藻酸钠寡糖.应用不同浓度的海藻酸钠寡糖处理烟草幼苗,结果表明:0.5mg·g-1海藻酸钠寡糖对烟草幼苗生长有促进作用.幼苗株高、叶面积、根长等生长指标与对照相比均显著增加:功能叶片的叶绿素含量比对照增加48.27%,净光合速率(Pn)为13.9p.mol·m-2·S-1,气孔导度(Gs)为249m mol·m-2·s-1,蒸腾速率(Tr)为4.3m tool·m-2·s-1.胞间CO2浓度(Ci)为268μL·L-1,各项指标均显著升高;气孔限制值(Ls)为21%,显著低于对照(47%),并且施用海藻酸钠寡糖2次的效果优于1次.     

Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of an African lion (Panthera leo) and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)

The Carnivora include the superfamilies Canoidea and Feloidea. In species of Canoidea other than the domestic dog, Canis lupus, the milk contains only traces of lactose and much larger concentrations of oligosaccharides. In this study, lactose was found to be the dominant saccharide in the milk or colostrum of two species of Feloidea, namely the African lion (Panthera leo) and the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). In addition to lactose, the following oligosaccharides were characterized in the milk of a lion; Neu5Gc(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (3′‐NGc‐SL), Fuc(α1‐2)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (2′‐fucosyllactose) and GalNAc(α1‐3)[Fuc(α1‐2)]Gal(β1‐4)Glc (A‐tetrasaccharide). The colostrum of a clouded leopard contained 3′‐NGc‐SL, Gal(α1‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (isoglobotriose) and A‐tetrasaccharide. These oligosaccharides differ in some respects from those previously identified in another species of Feloidea, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). These milks contained 3′‐NGc‐SL and A‐tetrasaccharide, while spotted hyena colostrum did not; however, it contained Neu5Ac(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (3′‐NAc‐SL) and Gal(α1‐3)[Fuc(α1‐2)]Gal(β1‐4)Glc (B‐tetrasaccharide).     

壳寡糖对低温胁迫下小麦幼苗的保护作用及相关代谢产物的影响

为了解壳寡糖对低温胁迫下小麦的保护作用,对两个小麦品种(小偃22和西农9871)幼苗喷施100mg·L-1壳寡糖和0℃低温胁迫96h,检测叶片的损伤面积及丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、还原糖含量,并调查复温后返青率。结果表明,与常温对照组相比,低温胁迫48h后壳寡糖处理的小麦叶片损伤面积和丙二醛含量增幅较低,其中小偃22和西农9871的损伤面积相对于低温对照分别减少了25.3%和28.8%,丙二醛含量分别降低了16.9%和33.7%;同时,两个品种叶片脯氨酸含量分别提高了15.8%和26.7%,还原糖含量分别提高了25.6和14.3%,可溶性糖含量也表现出增高的趋势。经过复温培养,壳寡糖处理下小偃22和西农9871的返青率分别提高了4.6%和5.9%。说明壳寡糖可通过促进小麦苗脯氨酸、还原糖等低温抗性相关次生代谢物的表达,提高其对低温寒害的抵抗能力。     

Extraction,Isolation, Structural Characterization and Anti-Tumor Properties of an Apigalacturonan-Rich Polysaccharide from the Sea Grass Zostera caespitosa Miki

An apigalacturonan (AGA)-rich polysaccharide, ZCMP, was isolated from the sea grass Zostera caespitosa Miki. The depolymerized fragments derived from ZCMP were obtained by either acidic degradation or pectinase degradation, and their structures were characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced-dissociation mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS²) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The average molecular weight of ZCMP was 77.2 kD and it consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), apiosefuranose (Api), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), and mannose (Man), at a molar ratio of 51.4꞉15.5꞉6.0꞉11.8꞉4.2꞉4.4꞉4.2. There were two regions of AGA (70%) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-Ι, 30%) in ZCMP. AGA was composed of an α-1,4-d-galactopyranosyluronan backbone mainly substituted at the O-3 position by single Api residues. RG-Ι possessed a backbone of repeating disaccharide units of →4GalAα1,2Rhaα1→, with a few α-l-arabinose and β-d-galactose residues as side chains. The anti-angiogenesis assay showed that ZCMP inhibited the migratory activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs), with no influence on endothelial cells growth. ZCMP also promoted macrophage phagocytosis. These findings of the present study demonstrated the potential anti-tumor activity of ZCMP through anti-angiogenic and immunoregulatory pathways.     

The Protect Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Intestinal Integrity by Regulating Oxidative Status and Inflammation under Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal integrity, oxidative status, and the inflammation response with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) challenge. In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 replications: CON group, basal diet; AS group, basal diet + 0.1% H₂O₂ in drinking water; ASC group, basal diet + 200 mg/kg COS + 0.1% H₂O₂ in drinking water. The results indicated that COS upregulated (p < 0.05) villus height (VH) of the small intestine, duodenum, and ileum; mucosal glutathione peroxidase activity; jejunum and ileum mucosal total antioxidant capacity; duodenum and ileum mucosal interleukin (IL)-6 level; jejunum mucosal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-10 level; the mRNA expression level of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in the jejunum and ileum, claudin in the duodenum, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 in the jejunum, and heme oxygenase-1 in the duodenum and ileum; and the protein expression of ZO-1 and claudin in jejunum; however, it downregulated (p < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level; small intestine mucosal malondialdehyde content; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-6 level; jejunum mucosal TNF-α level; and the mRNA expression of IL-6 in the duodenum and jejunum, and TNF-α in the jejunum and ileum. These results suggested COS could maintain intestinal integrity under oxidative stress by modulating the intestinal oxidative status and release of inflammatory cytokines.     

褐藻提取物与复合磷酸盐对中国对虾保水效果的比较研究

比较了市售褐藻提取物与水产品加工中常用复合磷酸盐的保水效果。选择浸泡增重率、解冻损失率、蒸煮损失率和出品率为主要指标,全面衡量保水剂的保水效果,并通过测定蒸煮后虾仁的质构和色差进一步评价保水剂对虾仁品质的影响。研究结果表明,经粘度为55 mPa·s的1%褐藻胶低聚糖浸泡处理的虾仁其浸泡增重率为11.7%,显著高于3%复合磷酸盐处理的6.3%(P<0.05),且冻藏10 d后其解冻损失率明显低于复合磷酸盐处理的虾仁,蒸煮损失率和出品率无明显差异(P>0.05);冻藏20 d后解冻损失率仍可保持浸泡增重的7.2%,而复合磷酸盐为5.1%,其蒸煮损失率虽高于复合磷酸盐,但仍低于其它处理组,出品率与复合磷酸盐无明显差异,且蒸煮后虾仁的色泽较鲜艳,而复合磷酸盐处理的虾仁略微发白。由此可见,粘度为55 mPa·s的褐藻胶低聚糖对虾仁的保水效果可与复合磷酸盐相媲美,且在某种程度上保水效果优于复合磷酸盐。因此,粘度为55 mPa·s的褐藻胶低聚糖有望开发成新型安全高效的无磷保水剂。     

饲料添加半乳甘露寡糖对刺参幼参生长、体壁营养组成及免疫力的影响

以初始体质量为(1.79±0.06) g的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象, 进行为期8周养殖实验, 研究饲料中添加半乳甘露寡糖对刺参生长、消化、体壁营养组成及免疫力的影响。以基础饲料(E0)为对照组, 在基础饲料中分别添加0.2% (E1)、0.4% (E2)、0.8% (E3)、1.2% (E4)和1.6% (E5)的半乳甘露寡糖, 共配制5种实验饲料。结果表明: (1) 饲料中添加不同浓度的半乳甘露寡糖对幼参增重率及特定生长率具有显著影响, 各处理组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 而对脏壁比及肠壁比无显著影响(P>0.05), 1.2%(E4组)添加水平下, 刺参增重率及特定生长率最高。(2) 饲料中添加不同浓度的半乳甘露寡糖对幼参肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶活力均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3) 饲料中添加不同浓度的半乳甘露寡糖对幼参体壁酸性黏多糖及糖醛酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加半乳甘露寡糖比例0.2%(E1)、0.4%(E2)、0.8%(E3)、1.2%(E4)的处理组, 刺参体壁氨基酸总量及谷氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 而1.6%(E5)组体壁氨基酸总量及Glu、Gly、Arg含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4) 饲料中添加半乳甘露寡糖对体壁及体腔液超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶活性具有显著影响(P<0.05), 同时对体腔细胞溶菌酶活性影响显著(P<0.05)。实验可以得到以下结论: (1) 饲料中添加半乳甘露寡糖不仅可以提高刺参免疫力, 并且可以提高特定生长率, 并改善体壁氨基酸组成; (2) 刺参饲料中半乳甘露寡糖的合适添加比例为1.2%。     

Effects of plant oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit on growth,reproduction and survival of freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna

The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is widely used as live food for ornamental fish. To increase production, food supplementations are required when culturing Daphnia. Here, we aimed to clarify the effects of plant oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit (DFO) on growth rate, egg production, number of first clutch juveniles and survival of Daphnia supplemented with five different concentrations of DFO, that is 0, 1, 3, 9, 27 mg/L. The results showed the growth and reproduction of Daphnia were enhanced when supplemented with DFO. Growth rate of Daphnia supplemented with 9 mg/L DFO was the highest among all treatments. The time that Daphnia produced the first clutch eggs was shorter in high concentration of DFO (3, 9, 27 mg/L). The number of juveniles in the first clutch increased in treatments of higher concentration of DFO (3, 9, 27 mg/L). These results suggest that plant oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit increase growth and fecundity of Daphnia. Survival rates of Daphnia were 100% except for the treatment supplemented with 27 mg/L of DFO in which the survival rate was reduced to 87%. To our knowledge, this is the first functional evidence demonstrating that oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit enhance growth and fecundity of Daphnia.