低聚糖的非发酵组分的微生物鉴定分析

试验采用埃希氏大肠杆菌（E.coli)和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（S.typhimurium)，接种于含0．5％单糖和低聚糖的糖发酵培养基内，置于36℃培养箱内发酵6h,转入25℃室温下继续发酵，分别用0．0455 mol/L NaOH溶液滴定产酸量，用倒置产气管测量产气量作为参比试验，计算产酸量和产气量的相对比值，估算非发酵糖的相对含量。试验结果表明：几种低聚糖用埃希氏大肠杆菌和鼠寒沙门氏菌测得的非发酵糖含量分别为：低聚果糖（FOS）52％－54％；低聚异麦芽糖（IMO－500）86％－89％；低聚异麦芽糖（IMO－900）92％－94％；甘露糖蛋白（MOS－Pr)92％－93％。     

寡糖、柠檬酸及中药联合应用对肉鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

采用本地肉杂鸡对寡糖、柠檬酸及中药联合应用对肉鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在日粮中添加0.2%寡果糖、0.1%柠檬酸和0.2%中药对提高肉鸡增重效果、改善饲料报酬、改善血液生化指标作用最明显。     

The Nutritive Value of Ten Inbred Lines of Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) in Relation to their Content of Antinutritional Constituents and Protein Quality

Ten inbred lines of fabe beans (Vicia faba L.) selected according to their quality characters have been investigated for carbohydrates, proteins, and antinutritional compounds. Digestible energy, N-balance trials with growing rats comprising determination of the protein digestibility and biological value were used as criteria in connection with comprehensive chemical-biochemical analysis. The chemical composition of the ten lines showed a considerable diversity as cad the results from the rat crisis. However, the content of vicine and convicine in all or the investigated lines were below the level previously found to have effects on the nutritive value, Starch, protein and fibre were the quantitatively dominating seed constituents, and all showed great variation among the lines. The starch content was not correlated to the quality or nutritive value of the seed, whereas the protein content was negatively correlated to the biological value and net protein utilization. These correlations followed the content of essential amino acids, lysine, threonine and methionine in the faba bean proteins. The content of the sulfur-containing ammo acids cysteine and methionine are especially dominant factors for protein quality. A simple method for total sulphur determination was found nut 10 be a sufficiently reliable technique for evaluating the content of methionine and cysteine in the faba beans. Tannin, insoluble- and total dietary fibre are phenolic aromatic compounds which were negatively correlated with the faba bean quality as expressed by digestible energy, the protein digestibility and the biological value of the faba beans. The results obtained have also revealed, that it is not sufficient to consider tannin as a group in relation to the faba bean quality. We need to separate and evaluate the different types, of phenolics in relation to the variations in quality of faba beans. Some of the low molecular weight (LMW) phenolics in the faba beans seem 10 be involved in inhibitory effects on hydrolase enzymes, chymotrypsin and trypsin. Trypsin and chymotrypsin from different animals were different in their sensitivity to faba bean inhibitors and additional experiments are required to reveal details about these effects. It has also been revealed that fructosans Lind LMW carbohydrates (oligosaccharides) are important in relation to the quality of faba beans.     

培养条件对低聚木糖增殖青春双歧杆菌的影响

以低聚木糖为底物碳源，在严格厌氧培养条件下研究了pH值、还原剂和低聚木糖浓度等因素对该糖增殖青春双歧杆菌的影响。研究表明，在初始pH5.5-8.0的范围内低聚木糖均可增殖青春双歧杆菌，但pH8.0的微碱性培养效果更好。添加L－半胱氨酸和硫代乙醇酸钠还原剂可迅速降低培养液的初始氧化还原电位，有利于双歧杆菌的快速增殖，还原剂的初始浓度以0.5-1.0g/L为宜。人体持续摄入低聚木糖可保证其对双歧杆菌的增殖作用。在2.5-10g/L内，增加低聚木糖的初始浓度可提高双歧杆菌的菌体浓度和增殖速率，当糖浓为5.0g/L时青春双歧杆菌对该糖的利用效果最好。培养至18h，菌体浓度达1.03g/L，糖的转化率达42.2%。     

Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on growth, body composition and hepatopancreas histology of Penaeus semisulcatus (de Haan 1844)

The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, body composition and hepatopancreas histology of Penaeus semisulcatus (postlarvae stage 20) were investigated for 48 days. Different dosages of MOS (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g MOS kg⁻¹) were tested in triplicate groups. Shrimp postlarvae averaging 0.34 ± 0.01 g attained 1.52 ± 0.31, 1.51 ± 0.15, 2.18 ± 0.13, 1.57 ± 0.13-g final weight and 42.7 ± 2.7, 37.3 ± 1.3, 64.0 ± 6.9, 50.7 ± 4.8% survival, respectively. At the end of the study, generally enhanced growth performance and feed conversion ratio were observed in shrimp fed on diet containing 3.0 g kg⁻¹ MOS with the highest final live weight (2.18 ± 0.13 g) and survival rate (64.0 ± 6.9%) after 48 days of feeding. The protein contents in the whole body decreased with increasing rates of dietary MOS (P < 0.05). Different levels of dietary MOS used in this study showed no detrimental effects on hepatopancreas tissue judged by histological screening. In conclusion, 3.0 g kg⁻¹ MOS could be used as a healthy growth promoter in shrimp diets.     

壳寡糖的动物营养功能研究进展

壳寡糖资源丰富，是自然界中唯一大量存在的碱性氨基多糖。本文阐述了壳寡糖能增强动物消化系统功能和提高动物免疫力。     

不同外源寡糖对奶山羊粪便双歧杆菌数量的影响

采用平板计数法研究不同外源寡糖对崂山奶山羊粪便双歧杆菌数量的影响。试验选用安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康崂山奶山羊6只,采用分期分组试验设计,在不同时期分别饲喂添加1%(有效含量计)甘露寡糖、半乳甘露寡糖、寡木糖、低聚异麦芽寡糖、果寡糖的日粮,并设立空白对照组,每期35 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组粪便双歧杆菌数量有所增加,其中试验第1、7、14 d果寡糖组,第21 d半乳甘露寡糖组、寡木糖组、果寡糖组均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。本试验条件下,果寡糖对提高奶山羊粪便中双歧杆菌数量效果较明显。     

寡聚糖对仔猪肠道菌群及生长性能影响的研究

试验研究了饲料中添加寡聚糖对哺乳仔猪和断乳仔猪生产性能和肠道菌群的影响。选择了 10窝仔猪 ,随机分为 5组 ,每组两窝。第 1组 (对照组 )日粮为以玉米、豆粕为主的基础日粮 ,第 2 ,3,4 ,5组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加 0 .0 5% ,0 .10 % ,0 .2 0 % ,0 .35%的寡聚糖。试验分为两个阶段 ,7～ 2 8日龄断乳 ,断乳～ 56日龄结束。 2 1日龄取粪样进行大肠杆菌、 p H、水分测定 ,4 2日龄每组屠宰 3头仔猪取盲肠、结肠、直肠进行双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌、 p H、水分测定。结果表明 ,在哺乳阶段 ,寡聚糖能显著 ( P <0 .0 5)降低粪便中的大肠杆菌数量和 p H,但对哺乳仔猪的生产性能和粪便中的水分含量影响不显著 ( P >0 .0 5)。在断乳后 ,0 .10 %的寡聚糖添加量能显著( P <0 .0 5)提高仔猪的日增重、降低料肉比、减少腹泻率的发生 ,0 .35%的寡聚糖添加量对仔猪的生产性能没有影响。 0 .10 %与 0 .2 0 %的寡聚糖添加量能显著 ( P <0 .0 5)抑制直肠中大肠杆菌的增殖 ,促进结肠中双歧杆菌的增殖。寡聚糖对盲肠、结肠、直肠中的 p H的影响差异不显著 ,但能显著 ( P <0 .0 5)降低直肠中的水分含量。     

Prospective Alternatives of Antibiotics in Animal Diet

Antibiotics have been uded in animal feeding for long history.In recent years,much attention has been received for their negative effects on animal and human being as well.Technology has been focused on alternatives of antibotics,such as probiotics,oligosaccharides,acidifiers,Chinese herds,chemical drugs,and other environmental measures.Their mechanism,effects,relatd factors and their prospect in the future were discussed in this paper.     

低聚糖在饲料中的应用

本文综述了低聚糖的作用机制及其在饲料中应用效果的最新研究成果,旨在为低聚糖的开发、应用及研究提供理论基础。