Improved solubility and stability of carp myosin by conjugation with alginate oligosaccharide

ABSTRACT:   Carp myosin was conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO) through the Maillard reaction under low relative humidity, and the functional properties of the myosin-AO conjugate were investigated to clarify the role of myosin in the functional improvement of fish myofibrillar proteins (Mf) by the glycosylation. The findings were as follows. First, myosin became highly solubilized at lower NaCl concentrations by conjugation with AO and NaCl-dependence of the solubility was lost when > 12% of the available lysine residues were reacted with AO and 50 µg/mg of AO was attached to myosin. Second, the thermal stability of myosin was effectively improved by conjugation with AO. Heat-treatment at 50°C for 6 h has no effect on the solubility of the myosin-AO conjugate regardless of the NaCl concentration. Third, the improved functionalities of myosin conjugated with AO remained even at a nearly isoelectric point. The improving effect of AO-conjugation on the characteristics of myosin was almost the same as Mf reacted with AO. Therefore, it is apparent that that improved functionalities of the glycosylated Mf reflect the functional changes of myosin.     

智能聪配施壳寡糖和褐藻寡糖对烟草生长和病毒抗性的影响

智能聪(ZNC)是宛氏拟青霉Paecilomyces variotii的提取物, 前期研究证明其具有促进植物生长, 提高作物产量?品质和抗病的能力?为了进一步提高产品应用效果, 本研究将智能聪分别与壳寡糖和褐藻寡糖复配, 评价其对烟草生长和病毒病抗性的影响?结果表明, 智能聪与壳寡糖或褐藻寡糖复配后的促生效果和对马铃薯X病毒(potato virus X, PVX)的抑制作用优于单剂, 其中促生效果最佳的为0.05 μg/mL智能聪与12 μg/mL褐藻寡糖复配, 处理后烟草株高?根长?侧根数?鲜重和干重分别比单施褐藻寡糖增加26.31%?20.41%?23.20%?23.60%和31.03%; 对PVX病毒抑制作用最好的是0.05 μg/mL智能聪与30 μg/mL壳寡糖复配, 对PVX抑制率为71.26%?研究结果可为防治烟草花叶病的药剂复配选择提供依据?     

聚合氯化铝对木质纤维素MgCl2预处理液的纯化

预处理是生物质资源转化的关键步骤,其过程会使植物细胞壁的结构发生变化,从而降低生物质的顽固性并增强其中糖的有效溶解,以促进其高值化利用。预处理液成分复杂,所含木质素和多种降解产物不利于糖类的高效利用,需要对其进行分离纯化。以桉木经MgCl₂预处理的废液为对象,通过聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝的方法去除其中的大分子木质素,利用Zeta电位和粒径检测、高效液相色谱法、紫外光谱法等技术分析絮凝处理前后预处理液的成分变化,并对其去除机理进行深入研究。结果表明:当PAC用量为4.00%质量分数时,反应体系Zeta电位为0,此时胶体稳定性最差,可获得较大的木质素沉淀量;当预处理液的pH接近3.00时,刚好达到等电点,体系中正负电荷中和不稳定,胶体颗粒粒径最大,出现明显絮凝沉淀;随着pH的升高,PAC对木质素的去除效果仍有明显增强,综合所有因素可知,在pH为10.00、PAC用量为2.00%质量分数时,处理体系对木质素的絮凝表现出良好的选择性,木质素的选择性去除率可达86.05%。由此可知,PAC主要是通过静电和桥联双重作用改善预处理液的胶体稳定性,使预处理液中的木质素大分子优先沉淀,体现出良好的选择性,是一种非常有潜力的预处理液纯化方法,值得进一步探究和优化。     

壳寡糖诱导甘蔗叶多酚与防御酶活性的变化

【目的】探讨壳寡糖对甘蔗抗性相关次生代谢物及相关防御酶的影响。【方法】以甘蔗品种新台糖22号（ROC22）为材料,拔节初期对甘蔗叶片分别喷施25、50和75mg/L壳寡糖溶液,以喷施清水为对照（CK）。喷施1、2、3、4d后分别取＋1叶测定壳寡糖诱导甘蔗叶多酚与防御酶（苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶）活性的变化。【结果】50～75mg/L壳寡糖处理有利于甘蔗叶多酚积累;50mg/L壳寡糖处理2d后,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性最大,为对照的1.8倍;50mg/L壳寡糖处理4d后,多酚氧化酶活性最高,为对照的1.7倍;75mg/L壳寡糖处理有利于提高甘蔗叶片过氧化物酶活性。【结论】50～75mg/L壳寡糖可以诱导甘蔗叶总多酚的积累及提高相关防御酶活性,这有利于提高甘蔗的整体抗性。     

Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on growth,survival, physiological,immunological and gut morphological conditions of black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius 1798)

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary inclusion with mannan oligosaccharide (Bio‐Mos, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA) on growth, survival, physiological and immunological conditions and gut morphology of the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Five diets supplemented with MOS at 0 g kg^?1 (control diet), 1, 2, 4 and 8 g kg^?1 were fed to the prawn juveniles (0.4 ± 0.06 g, total weight) for the duration of 63 days. Growth was the highest (P < 0.05) when the prawns were fed the 1 g kg^?1 MOS included diet. Wet tail muscle index (Tw/B), dry tail muscle index (Td/B) and tail muscle protein (Tmp) were higher (P < 0.05) in the prawns fed MOS included diets MOS compared with the prawns fed the control diet. Total haemocyte counts (THCs) of the prawns fed MOS included diets were higher (P < 0.05) than THCs of the prawns fed the control diet. Epithelium layer and epidermal cell density of the gut of the prawns fed 1 g kg^?1 and 2 g kg^?1 MOS diets were better than the prawns fed the control and other MOS diets. The results imply a positive effect of dietary supplementation of 1–2 g kg^?1 MOS in the culture of black tiger prawns.     

饲料中添加壳寡糖对刺参肠壁菌群的影响

为研究饲料中添加壳寡糖对刺参Apostichopus japonicus肠壁菌群的影响,在刺参基础饲料中分别添加0.25%(G1)、0.50%(G2)、0.75%(G3)和1.00%(G4)的壳寡糖,另设对照组(G0),养殖50 d后采集各组刺参幼参(5.03 g±0.03 g)肠壁样品,并采用高通量测序技术分析刺参肠壁菌群结构特征。结果表明:壳寡糖添加组刺参肠壁的细菌多样性和丰度均高于对照组;各组样品肠壁优势菌门均为变形菌门和厚壁菌门;壳寡糖对刺参肠壁菌群组成产生了明显影响,对照组优势菌属为希瓦氏菌属Shewanella,而壳寡糖添加组希瓦氏菌属的相对比例均下降,对照组芽孢杆菌属Bacillus的相对比例较低,而壳寡糖添加组芽孢杆菌属的相对比例均较高或成为优势菌属;1.00%壳寡糖组各类菌属相对比例均较低,高浓度壳寡糖出现抑制现象。研究表明,饲料中添加壳寡糖可提高刺参肠壁细菌多样性和丰度,明显改善刺参肠壁菌群结构。     

寡糖对干旱胁迫下桔梗的诱导效应研究

为了明确寡糖对干旱胁迫下桔梗抗旱作用的机制,以桔梗为材料,采用桔梗种子萌发水培试验和桔梗幼苗盆栽试验,用0、30、60、120 g/L的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,施加不同质量浓度寡糖(0、5、10、50 mg/L)诱导桔梗,研究寡糖对干旱胁迫下桔梗种子萌发以及桔梗幼苗抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明,同一质量浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,在一定质量浓度范围内桔梗种子萌发指标(发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、根长及芽长)随寡糖质量浓度的增加表现为先增大后减小,寡糖质量浓度为10 mg/L时桔梗种子萌发指标达到最佳。而同一质量浓度寡糖诱导桔梗,PEG-6000溶液浓度越大,桔梗种子萌发所受胁迫越严重。桔梗种子萌发的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、根长及芽长之间呈现不同程度正相关。不同质量浓度的寡糖(0、5、10、50 mg/L)分别与30 g/L PEG-6000配施,处理后4~8 d,桔梗幼苗POD和CAT活性、MDA含量均先升高后降低,而SOD活性逐渐升高,寡糖质量浓度为10 mg/L时诱导桔梗幼苗抗旱的效果最佳。POD活性与CAT活性呈现出高度显著正相关(P0.001),CAT活性与SOD活性呈现出显著正相关(P0.05),MDA含量分别与POD、CAT、SOD活性呈现出极显著负相关(P0.01)。     

饲料中添加果寡糖对鹌鹑生产性能与胆固醇含量的影响

选用1日龄肉用鹌鹑80羽,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)和试验组(基础日粮添加0.1%果寡糖),研究日粮添加果寡糖对肉用鹌鹑生产性能、抗腹泻及血清胆固醇含量的影响。结果表明:试验组鹌鹑的日增重提高,料肉比降低(P0.05),腹泻率降低(P0.05),血清总胆固醇和肉中胆固醇含量分别降低了12.5%(P0.05)和1.9%。说明果寡糖对肉用鹌鹑的生产性能有促进作用,降低肉用鹌鹑腹泻率、血清胆固醇含量和肉中胆固醇的含量。     

寡糖诱导向日葵抗锈病最佳浓度及时间筛选

向日葵锈病(Puccinia henlianthi Schw.)是向日葵的主要病害,危害日益严重。利用诱导剂激活植物的抗病防卫反应,是防治植物病害的一种很好的途径。通过用寡糖诱导处理向日葵幼苗,对接种锈菌的幼苗病情指数与相对防效的测定,筛选寡糖最佳诱导浓度及最佳诱导时间。结果表明:100倍浓度寡糖诱导有较好的防效;寡糖诱导向日葵的最佳时间在接菌前1～2 d,2 d效果最佳。