不同光质对黄秋葵幼苗生长、光合色素和气孔特征的影响

以黄秋葵品种‘五福’为试材,采用单因素随机区组设计,探讨不同光质对黄秋葵幼苗生长、光合色素和气孔特征的影响。试验结果表明:与荧光灯(CK)处理相比,蓝光(B)、紫光(P)、红光(R)和蓝红复合光(BR)处理下的黄秋葵幼苗的鲜质量、干质量及其叶片的光合色素含量等指标均有不同程度的增加,且以BR处理为最高;在黄秋葵幼苗叶片气孔特征方面,其上表皮的气孔密度以BR和R处理下最大,而下表皮的气孔密度仅BR处理下最大;上、下表皮的气孔长轴长度,以BR处理下最大,B处理次之;上表皮的气孔短轴长度及气孔弧长均在BR处理下最大,而下表皮的气孔短轴长度、气孔弧长以B处理下最大,BR处理次之。可见,BR处理能显著促进黄秋葵幼苗的生长,幼苗生长快速健壮,并提高了叶片光合色素的含量,气孔发育相对较好,因此可采用BR作为黄秋葵育苗的人工光源。     

Efficacy of Plant Based Insecticides in Control of Leaf Defoliators (Podagrica uniformis Jacoby and Nisotra sjostedti Jacoby (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

The insecticidal efficacy of aqueous extracts of R. communis L. and Z. officinales L. was tested in a field study for the control of two important leaf defoliators (Podagrica uniformis and Nisotra sjostedti of okra). The extracts were applied at 10% (w/v) and sprayed every week for five consecutive weeks. R. communis significantly reduced (P<0.05) abundance of the pests on the 2nd day after spraying and increased the yield of okra. Numbers of fruits and weight yields were significantly higher in plots treated with R. communis compared to plots treated with Z. officinales and the untreated control. R. communis had the same weight yield with Karate (synthetic insecticides). The results indicated that R. communis could be used to control Podagrica uniformis and Nisotra sjostedti of okra.     

秋葵微粉对小鼠肠道内环境的影响

为研究不同剂量秋葵微粉对小鼠肠道内环境的影响,将小鼠随机分为4组,即对照组、高剂量组(1 800 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)、中剂量组(900 mg·kg^-1d^-1)以及低剂量组(450 mg·kg^-1d^-1),灌胃6周后,检测其粪便、结肠、盲肠相关的肠道指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,各剂量组小鼠粪便含水量均增加,且高剂量组粪便含水量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各剂量组粪便pH值均极显著降低(P<0.01);各剂量组盲肠内容物 pH 值和结肠内容物pH值均降低。各剂量组盲肠内容物菌群OTU数量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),中剂量组Chaol值显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各剂量组结肠内容物菌群的OTU数量较对照组均有增加,中剂量组和低剂量组Chaol值极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)高于对照组。各剂量组盲肠、结肠内容物中短链胎肪酸(SCFA)含量均较对照组增加。秋葵微粉可以提高小鼠肠道中的益生菌比例,降低有害菌比例,促进肠道乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等SCFA含量明显升高。本研究结果为秋葵微粉用于改善动物肠道健康提供了理论依据。     

黄秋葵新品种‘皖秋葵1号’

‘皖秋葵1号’是利用系谱选育法从安徽省安庆地方黄秋葵品种中选出的新品种。5 ~ 6叶始花,鲜果采摘期120 d左右;鲜果长12 ~ 16 cm,果粗16 ~ 20 mm,嫩果棱数5,平均单果质量13.5 g,嫩果细腻,口感鲜美,品质优良。单株蒴果39.5个,鲜果产量35 ~ 40 t ? hm-2。耐高温,抗倒伏性强,适应性广,适合安徽省各地推广和种植。     

不同烹饪方式对黄秋葵营养成分和抗氧化活性的影响

研究真空油炸、蒸制、烘烤、油煎、煮制5种烹饪方式对黄秋葵水分含量、总酚、抗坏血酸、果胶、叶绿素及还原糖等营养物质的影响,并比较其抗氧化活性。结果表明:煮制及蒸制过程中黄秋葵的水分含量呈上升趋势,真空油炸、烘烤及油煎过程中水分含量呈下降趋势;随着烹饪时间的延长,5种烹饪方式处理的样品中叶绿素、果胶、抗坏血酸及还原糖含量总体上呈下降趋势;蒸制过程中黄秋葵的总酚含量逐渐上升,而煮制过程逐渐下降,真空油炸、油煎及烘烤过程中总酚含量呈现先上升后下降趋势;5种烹饪方式处理后的样品IC_(50)总体呈现先上升后下降趋势,即DPPH自由基清除能力先减弱后增强。因此,控制一定的烹调时间,蒸制是保留黄秋葵营养成分及维持抗氧化活性的最佳烹饪方法。     

秋葵微粉制备工艺的响应面法优化及其体外抗氧化活性研究

以秋葵为试材,对秋葵微粉的制备工艺及体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。试验以秋葵微粉体外抗氧化能力(·OH清除率、O2·清除能力、抑制脂质过氧化能力、还原力、ABTS+·清除率、DPPH·清除率、总抗氧化力)作为指标,秋葵果荚长度、秋葵微粉溶液浓度、干燥时间、干燥温度、秋葵粉筛分目数为因素变量,通过单因素试验研究了各因素与体外抗氧化能力的关系;基于响应面分析,对秋葵微粉制备工艺进行优化,并研究了各因素之间的交互作用。结果表明,秋葵果荚长度对ABTS+·清除率的影响最大,其他依次是干燥温度、干燥时间、秋葵微粉溶液浓度、秋葵粉筛分目数;当筛分目数150目,果荚长度6.00～7.99 cm,微粉溶液浓度4.9 mg/mL,干燥时间7 h,干燥温度50℃时,秋葵微粉对ABTS+·的清除率最高,为70.091%。     

响应面法对壳聚糖澄清黄秋葵汁工艺的优化

在不同壳聚糖添加量、温度和时间下,研究壳聚糖澄清黄秋葵汁的工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,应用响应面法分析优化壳聚糖对黄秋葵汁的最佳澄清条件。结果表明,壳聚糖对黄秋葵汁的最佳澄清条件是壳聚糖添加量为4.65 mg/m L,作用时间为11.46 min,最适温度为60.67℃。在圆整条件下,即壳聚糖添加量为4.7 mg/m L,作用时间为11.5 min,最适温度为60.7℃下进行验证试验,澄清黄秋葵汁的透光率为97.10%。     

喀斯特石漠化山地区黄秋葵高产栽培技术

根据作者在生产中的实践经验及参考前人的成果,总结了喀斯特石漠化山地区黄秋葵高产栽培技术,通过实践表明黄秋葵产量可达1000kg/667 m2,按市场价10元/kg,产值可达1万元/667m2.     

Soil temperature and moisture content changes with growth and yield of cassava/vegetable intercrops

Field experiments were conducted at the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria to evaluate the changes in crop microenvironment, growth and yield performance of intercropping okra, pepper and pumpkin with cassava. The vegetables were planted sole and in mixtures with three cassava cultivars: Idileru, Odongbo and TMS30572. Intercropping reduced weed dry weight and soil temperature but increased soil moisture content, light interception and number of earthworm casts. Cassava/pumpkin intercrop increased soil moisture content, light interception and number of earthworm casts but reduced soil temperatures and weed dry weight compared with cassava/okra and cassava/pepper intercrops. Vegetative characters and fruit yields of okra, pepper and pumpkin were not affected by intercropping. Leaf area index (LAI) of intercropped cassava with pumpkin was reduced but not with okra and pepper. Land equivalent ratio was higher in cassava/okra and cassava/pepper than in cassava/pumpkin intercrop. Cassava/vegetable intercrop is a viable cropping option for high productivity and provision of suitable microenvironment for growth. A short, early-maturing cassava cultivar with a moderate LAI is better adapted in mixture with vegetables.     

INFLUENCE OF NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES ON THE PLANT GROWTH ATTRIBUTES OF COTTON AND OKRA

Neonicotinoids are crop protection agents used against sucking pests acting on receptor proteins of insect nervous system. Although many reports detail their insecticidal properties, reports on the effect on plant growth are minimal. We investigated the effect of neonicotinoids viz. imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid on plant height, chlorophyll, and soluble protein of cotton and okra. Thiamethoxam was found to exert an influence on the plant height of cotton and okra. There was no marked influences of neonicotinoids on the total chlorophyll content of cotton leaves, whereas acetamiprid recorded a gradual increase in the total chlorophyll content of okra leaves at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. All the neonicotinoid insecticides under study showed an increase in the soluble protein content of cotton and okra. An increase in soluble protein content is reported to increase the ability of plants to fix carbon dioxide (CO₂) effectively and thus increase photosynthesis.