黄秋葵研究进展与前景

通过查阅国内外黄秋葵大量的研究,概述了黄秋葵资源、育种、植物学特性、栽培技术、应用价值、快速繁殖技术、种子生理等研究进展与发展前景,为深入开展黄秋葵利用和新品种选育提供参考。     

黄秋葵的应用价值与开发利用研究进展

黄秋葵是一种具有较高营养价值的多功能新型蔬菜,有很大的应用价值和开发潜力。本文介绍了黄秋葵的生物学特性、各部分的营养成分及食用、药用、饲用、工业原料等方面的应用价值,综述了黄秋葵开发利用的研究进展。     

Nucleotide sequencing and an improved diagnostic for screening okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) genotypes for resistance to a newly described begomovirus in India

Ten okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plants showing distinct yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) symptoms were collected from different fields in Karnataka State, India. The genomic DNA of the isolated viruses was amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that the DNA-A-like sequences of all ten isolates were identical. Sequence analysis of a representative virus isolate (OYSK2) with other begomovirus sequences available in GenBank showed ≥90% sequence identity with Bhendi yellow vein Maharashtra virus (BYVMaV; EU482411) and ≤89% homology with full-length Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) infecting okra on the Indian subcontinent. These results suggested that a new strain of BYVMaV was present in all ten samples collected from the field. A source of resistance to BYVMaV and naturally present virus isolates causing YVMD was identified by screening okra genotypes under artificial and natural inoculation conditions, respectively. None of the genotypes tested showed complete immunity to BYVMaV. However, the okra genotypes ‘Tulasi’ and ‘Trisha’ were only moderately susceptible under glasshouse and field conditions. The new begomovirus strain could be detected by dot-blot hybridisation using a non-radioactive DNA probe in the virus samples collected from both symptomless and symptomatic okra plants.     

Micronutrient responsiveness of cauliflower,okra, and rice in a pattern in piedmont soil

Soil micronutrients have different degrees of residual effect to crops; again crops differ in their sensitivity to micronutrient requirement. Evaluation of residual effects of micronutrient application to cauliflower, okra, and transplant aman rice in a pattern was studied in piedmont soil of Bangladesh. In this study, seven treatment combinations including a control treatment were tested, and the treatments were designed taking the micronutrients following the additive element trial technique. The rates of micronutrients were 3 kg zinc (Zn), 2 kg boron (B), 2 kg Cu, 3 kg manganese (Mn), 5 kg iron (Fe), and 1 kg molybdenum (Mo) per hectare. Both Zn and B were found responsive for the first crop. As second crop, okra responded to both residual Zn and B, whereas in the third crop, residual effects of only Zn were reported. Zn fertilizer need not to apply in each crop of a cropping pattern.     

Effects of Convolvulus arvensis Water Extract on Germination of Okra Under Different Seed Sizes

Convolvulus arvensis is a toxic allelopathic weed that suppresses germination and growth of crops.The prime object of present study was to investigate effect of Convolvulus arvensis water extract on germination and performance of okra with different seed sizes.The seeds of okra variety pusa green were separated into three different sizes,viz large size(4.00-5.00 mm),medium size(3.00-3.50 mm)and small size(2.00-3.50 mm),and then soaked in allelopathic plant bindweed water extract and kept in patrisdishes for germination into the germinator at 15℃.The experiment was laid out using Complete Randomized Design(CRD)with three replications.The results showed that after sowing of 12 days the highest germination was observed in non-treated seeds as compared to seeds treated in Convolvulus arvensis water extract for 1 h,further non-treated large seeds produced maximum plants as compared to treated small seeds after sowing of 24 days.Meanwhile,root length,shoot length,root fresh and dry weight,shoot fresh and dry weight were recorded higher in non-treated large seeds as compared to small seeds soaked for 1 h in Convolvulus arvensis allelopthic water extract.It could be found that Convolvulus arvensis affected germination,seed growth and overall performance of okra,further presence Convolvulus arvensis in crops could cause negative impact on germination and integrity of okra crops.     

黄秋葵中黄酮类化合物提取方法优化及总黄酮抑菌效果研究

为高效提取黄秋葵中黄酮类化合物,本试验以黄秋葵中的4种主要黄酮类化合物和黄秋葵总黄酮含量为响应值,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验进行提取工艺优化,并采用牛津杯法考察黄秋葵总黄酮对6种常见致病菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,在提取温度37℃、提取时间20 min、乙醇浓度70％、料液比1:25 g·mL-1的条...     

黄秋葵施肥研究进展

概述了黄秋葵的食用、药用价值,栽培特性以及氮磷钾肥、生物肥料、微量元素肥料对黄秋葵的影响,并对黄秋葵高产栽培技术提出了展望。     

不同氮磷钾水平对黄秋葵生长及果荚产量的影响

为研究黄秋葵氮磷钾合理的施用量,采用3因素4个水平16个处理的正交试验设计,分析N、P、K肥料不同配比对春植、秋植两季黄秋葵生长及结荚的影响。结果表明:春植与秋植不同处理间株高存在极显著差异,春植30、60、90天时的最大株高分别为62.3、125.0、169.0 cm,秋植30、60、90天时的最大株高分别为36.14、107.8、118.9 cm。采用极差分析方法确定各影响因子主次顺序,表明影响春植生长的主要因子为磷肥,秋季则为氮肥;春季有助于黄秋葵生长最佳组合为N_P4K2(N 0.155 kg/小区、P_2O_50.159 kg/小区、K_2O 0.214 kg/小区),秋植黄秋葵最佳施肥组合为N4P4K3(N 0.104 kg/小区、P_2O_5 0.159 kg/小区、K_2O 0.178 kg/小区);春秋两季影响黄秋葵结荚的最大因子均为磷肥,其次为氮肥,提高黄秋葵结荚量的最佳施肥组合为N3P2K2(N 0.130 kg/小区、P_2O_50.238 kg/小区、K_2O 0.214 kg/小区),即适当提高磷肥和钾肥用量配合低浓度的氮可促进黄秋葵结荚。     

土壤水分对黄秋葵苗期生长及光合作用的影响

以黄秋葵幼苗为材料。研究了不同土壤相对含水量(SRWC)(80％，60％，40％，20％)对其光合作用和生长的影响。结果表明：SRWC为60％时，植株生长最健壮，叶片的净光合速率高于其它处理：SRWC为40％时，植株日均净光合速率仅次于SRWC为60％条件下生长的植株，且高于其它处理，生长也未受到显著抑制；SRWC为20％时，黄秋葵的生长和光合作用均受到显著抑制：SRWC为80％时，植株细长，根冠比较小。因此认为，黄秋葵苗期适宜的SRWC为40％-60％。     

基于灰色关联分析的黄秋葵品种综合评估

[目的]综合评估黄秋葵品种的主要农艺性状,筛选出适合三亚地区种植的黄秋葵品种.[方法]在三亚地区进行黄秋葵品种田间比较试验,采用灰色关联分析法对供试8个黄秋葵品种的产量、果重、果长、果宽、单株结果数、株幅、节间长、始花期、果实蓟马危害指数及始花节位等10个主要农艺性状进行综合评价.[结果]各供试品种综合性状的等权关联度排序为幸福2号>幸福3号>五福>绿秋葵>幸福1号>9号>红秋葵>泰国Okra,综合性状的加权关联度排序为幸福2号>幸福3号>9号>五福>幸福1号>绿秋葵>泰国Okra>红秋葵.其中幸福2号和幸福3号综合性状表现优良,排序靠前,泰国Okra和红秋葵综合性状表现不理想,排序靠后.综合性状的加权关联度排序更符合田间观测结果.[结论]以灰色关联分析法评估选出的幸福2号和幸福3号黄秋葵品种综合性状表现优,适合在三亚地区推广种植.