The Effect of Planting Oilseed Rape and Compost Application on Heavy Metal Forms in Soil and Cd and Pb Uptake in Rice

Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse condition to investigate whether Cd and Pb uptake by rice could be reduced when it was rotated with oilseed rape and compost application. The results showed that the rice grown after oilseed rape had significantly lower Cd and Pb concentrations in both straw and grains. Cd and Pb concentrations in the grains of the rice rotated with oilseed rape decreased by approximately 46-80% and 17-86%, respectively, although the Cd and Pb removal by oilseed rape ranged only from 2.39-3.67 and 0.032-0.13% of the total content in soil. Compost amendment also decreased the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil and reduced Cd and Pb uptake by oilseed rapes and rice. The concentrations of Cd and Pb significantly decreased in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions and Pb concentration decreased in the organic matter and sulfide fractions in the contaminated soil after planting oilseed rapes.     

Performance of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and wild Brassica juncea: An evaluation of potential for transgene escape

Understanding the potential for the evolution of herbicide tolerance in weeds following gene flow from transgenic crops is important for their management. The inter-specific hybrids formed between four Brassica juncea populations with different glyphosate-susceptibility and transgenic oilseed rape was studied, emphasizing on the possible population difference. Compared with both parents, the fitness-related components and photosynthetic capacity of hybrids decreased dramatically, but significant differences were observed among different hybrids. All F₁ hybrids exhibited highly enhanced but similar herbicide tolerance level regardless of the wild B. juncea parent, indicating that genetically engineered herbicide tolerance may over-dominate phenotype ones by wild-crop hybridization. The analysis of parental loci transmission revealed a higher transfer ratio of male-specific loci detected in F₁ hybrids, suggesting that oilseed rape genetic markers can be transferred at relatively high frequencies to the next generation. Therefore, higher transfer ratio of oilseed rape-specific loci, coupled with variation of populations in fitness-related parameters in F₁ hybrids, could complicate environmental risk assessment of transgenic oilseed rape, especially in current agroecosystems with increasing application of glyphosate.     

青海东部春油菜养分管理技术研究

[目的]研究青海东部农业区春油菜生产和肥料施用状况。[方法]应用随机抽样法对青海东部农业区春油菜养分管理技术的现状进行调查。[结果]该地区种植春油菜的66%左右农户获得的春油菜产量处于适中水平,50%左右农户氮肥用量基本合理,50%以上农户磷肥用量偏低或很低,而钾肥用量极低,中微量元素肥料的投入基本为空白。[结论]通过宣传,加深农户对春油菜使用磷肥、钾肥及中微量元素肥料重要性的认识。     

黄棕壤和酸紫砂土施用不同磷肥对油菜产量的影响

为实现油菜磷肥减施增效和保障生态环境,利用土壤有效磷含量较低的黄棕壤和酸紫砂土开展试验,建立土壤-磷肥-作物体系相匹配的磷肥施肥方案.以甘蓝型油菜中双11号和圣光168为材料,采用盆栽试验研究黄棕壤和酸紫砂土上施用过磷酸钙(SSP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、聚磷酸铵(APP)和钙镁磷肥(CMP)对油菜苗期生长及成熟期产量、...     

种植密度和施肥水平对油菜茎叶可溶性糖和游离氨基酸及籽粒产量的影响

以湘杂油763为材料,测定不同施肥量(以N、P<,2>O<,5>、K<,2>O、B计,处理A:240、120、210、1.2kg/hm<'2>;处理B:180、90、157.5、0.9kg/hm<'2>;处理C:120、60、105、0.6kg/hm<'2>;处理D:60、30、52.5、0.3kg/hm<'2>;E:...     

新葵杂7号施肥试验

为了良种良法配套,2009年在新疆农业科学院安宁渠进行了新葵杂7号施肥试验。结果表明:种肥以三料磷肥、磷酸二铵等氮、磷化肥为主,苗期、蕾期以尿素、磷酸二铵等氮素化肥为好,其籽实产量、产油量最高。施用氮、磷化肥能显著提高油葵单位面积籽实和油脂产量;在氮、磷配合施肥中相对增施磷肥油葵籽实增产显著,同时籽实皮壳率也相应提高,要取得高产、高油的目的一定要注意氮、磷的配合比例。     

氮磷钾硼配施对油菜泌蜜量的影响

采用四因素五水平二次正交旋转回归试验方法,在影响甘蓝型中熟品种油菜泌蜜量的施肥诸因素中,选择氮、磷、钾、硼的施用量作为生产上的决策变量,以油菜的泌蜜量为目标函数,所得结果通过计算机数据分析,建立了二次回归数学模型。对模型的主效应和交互效应的分析结果表明,磷素和钾素是影响油菜泌蜜量的主要控制因子;根据试验结果筛选出油菜泌蜜量的最佳施肥方案N 150 kg/hm2,P2O5 126 kg/hm2,K2O 157.5 kg/hm2和H3BO3 7.5 kg/hm2。     

西藏拉萨地区白菜型冬油莱栽培密度试验研究

群体密度对冬油菜壮苗和越冬有很大影响。密度太大,往往影响个体发育,形成弱苗,导致冬油菜越冬率降低;密度过小,虽有利于个体生长发育,但容易造成地力、光、热、水等自然资源浪费,同时容易造成苗势,营养体过大,形成旺苗,易受病虫害危害,反而不利于越冬。因此,合理的群体密度是提高壮苗率,保障冬油菜安全过冬的必要条件。通过研究表明,在西藏拉萨地区,当冬油菜密度在4—6万株/亩的情况,能得到较高产量。     

磷肥对甘蓝型春油菜产量、磷肥利用效率及经济效益的影响

利用大田试验研究了不同磷肥用量对甘蓝型春油菜产量、养分积累、磷素利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,在低磷土壤上施用125 kg/hm2N和135 kg/hm2K2O基础上增施磷肥,可显著增加油菜不同部位产量,其中籽粒产量平均提高12.5%,生物量平均提高29.0%。施磷明显提高油菜地上部P素含量,有利于促进油菜K素营养累积,但对N素、K素含量无显著影响。随磷肥施用量的增加,磷肥偏生产力显著下降,施磷后磷肥农学效率、磷肥表观利用率和磷肥生理利用率平均分别为4.6 kg/kg P2O5、13.0%和40.2 kg/kg P2O5,磷肥对籽粒产量的贡献率仅为10.9%。根据经济效益分析结果,青海甘蓝型春油菜生产中磷肥用量以75 kg/hm2为宜。     

Effect of Root Zone Temperature on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Response to Boron

Abstract

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is sensitive to low boron (B) supply, and its growth response to B may be influenced by soil temperature. To test the relationship between B and temperature, oilseed rape (cv. Hyola 42) seedlings were grown at 10°C (low) root zone temperature (RZT) with B supply from deficient to adequate B levels until growth of low B plants just began to slow down. Half of the pots were then transferred to 20°C (warm) RZT for 11 days before they were moved back to 10°C RZT for the final 4 days. Both plant dry mass and B uptake increased after plants were exposed to warm RZT. However, plant B deficiency was exacerbated by warm RZT in low B plants because of increased relative growth rate and shoot–root ratio without a commensurate increase in B uptake rate. It is concluded that RZT above the critical threshold for chilling injury in oilseed rape can nevertheless affect the incidence of B deficiency by altering shoot–root ratio and hence the balance between shoot B demand and B uptake.