Natural Resistance of Two Plantation Woods Populus × canadensis cv. and Cunninghamia lanceolata to Decay Fungi and Termites

Natural durability of two plantation woods, Chinese fir and I-214 poplar, was investigated thoroughly by three test- ing methods, namely an accelerated laboratory decay test, a fungus cellar test and a field test. After the decay test using Postia pla- centa and Trametes versicolor, Chinese fir and the I-214 poplar showed 34% and 69% of mass loss, respectively, indicating they should be classified as slightly durable and non-durable wood. This conclusion was confirmed by the fungus cellar test and the field test. Like the performance in the decay test, I-214 poplar showed no resistance to termites either in the laboratory or in the field, whereas Chinese fir would be classified as moderately resistant.     

Iron-binding compounds produced by white-rot fungusPhanerochaete sordida YK-624

Iron-binding compounds were isolated from a culture ofPhanerochaete sordida YK-624 and were found to bind to Fe(III) preferentially compared with Fe(II). Two iron-binding compounds were purified to near-homogeneity with gel permeation chromatography. Hydrolysis of the iron-binding compounds with 6N hydrochloric acid gave ninhydrin-negative products. The molecular weight of these compounds was 3–5 kDa. These compounds may play an important role in the reduction of extracellular manganese dioxide to Mn(II) by intracellular ferrireductases for lignin degradation by manganese peroxidase.     

Comparison of postharvest practices used for cereal straw decomposition in a clay loam soil

ABSTRACT

During 2008–2011, model field experiments were carried out at the Joni?k?lis Experimental Station of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry on a clay loam Endocalcaric Endogleyic Cambisol. The study was aimed to establish the comparison of various postharvest practices (mineral nitrogen fertiliser alone or together with a bioactivator Penergetic k, livestock slurry, red clover biomass and straw incorporation in the soil by a stubble cultivator at a 10 cm depth) on the acceleration of the initial (nine-month period) decomposition of winter wheat straw. During this period, straw mass decomposition intensity was 20.7–29.1%, carbon (C) concentration decreased by 6.5–22.8%, while an increase in nitrogen (N) by 1.1–2.2 times was observed. The highest straw decomposition rate was recorded when after straw incorporation autumn was warm and humid. That year straw mass C to N ratio (C/N) was 38–46. Under less-favourable autumn conditions, the highest decomposition of straw was achieved, having applied mineral N (with and without Penergetic) and livestock slurry and having incorporated the straw in the soil (C/N = 40–55). A slower decomposition rate was observed for the straw spread on the soil surface with mineral N addition or on undersown red clover.     

食用菌栽培料堆制诱发灭菌新方法探讨

将栽培料大量堆制,并控制适宜堆湿、堆温、翻堆和时间,诱使料中杂菌由休眠的孢子体转变为营养生长体,降低杂菌细胞对高温的忍耐力,再行一次短时常压灭菌,把料内杂菌一次杀灭.这样将灭菌过程分为诱发与杀灭二个阶段,这就构成了一种新的栽培料灭菌法——堆制诱发灭菌法.用之于生产,是解决目前平菇发菌阶段杂菌污染行之有效的措施.     

种带真菌对结缕草种子发芽和活力的影响

采用孢子悬浮液法将从结缕草上分离得到的种带真菌菌种进行回接，测试不同种带真菌对结缕草发芽和活力的影响。研究结果表明：多数种带真菌显著降低了种子的发芽率和活力指数，抑制了种苗的生长，使死种率显著上升，其中，不等弯孢（Curvularia inaequalis）、禾生皮司霉（Pithmyces graminicola）、橡胶平脐蠕（Bipolaris heveae）、嘴突突脐蠕孢（Exerohilum rostratum）、白粉寄生菌（Ampelomyces sp．）、狗尾草平脐蠕孢（B．setariae）、茎点霉（Phoma sp．）、木贼镰刀菌（Fusarium equiseti）等对结缕草种子和种苗的危害最为严重。     

对十种林木病原真菌拉丁学名的讨论

本文对十种林木病原真菌的拉丁学名进行了讨论.这些学名,有的为裸名,有的为同物异名,有的值得再商榷,但这些名称目前在国内使用很普遍,故提出来加以讨论和订正,以期引起注意,避免混乱.例如文中对我国的白杨锈病病原菌学名改用Melampsoraaecidioides plowr以取代M.magnusiana Wagn和M.rostrupiiwagn的建议,希望得到指正.     

食用菌菌糠再利用技术研究

为了解决食用菌产业发展中的菌糠再利用技术问题，对不同菌糠的营养成分含量进行分析，对菌糠替代部分木屑、棉籽壳和麦麸栽培食用菌的效果，以及施用菌糠有机肥对脐橙产量和品质的影响进行试验。结果表明，菌糠可替代木屑、棉籽壳和麦麸作为培养料，栽培秀珍菇、金福菇和鲍鱼菇的生物效率分别达到64.95%、84.65%和70.49%，与CK差异不显著；施用菌糠有机肥的脐橙平均产量比CK增加5.54kg/株，达到极显著差异，并可提高脐橙的品质，改良果园土壤的结构。研究结果显示，食用菌菌糠的再利用技术对提高农业资源的有效循环利用具有重要的实践指导意义。     

食用菌多糖提取技术研究概况

食用菌多糖的生物活性、食药用价值及无毒副作用的特性已被认可,且品种丰富、来源广泛,具有很好的开发前景。综述了物理、化学和生物方法提取食用菌多糖技术的研究进展,并探讨了其发展趋势。     

印度块菌、夏块菌与化香树合成菌根苗技术初探

印度块菌(Tuber indicum Vittadini)、夏块菌(T.aestivum Vittadin)i是经济价值较高的菌根食用菌。本文对印度块菌、夏块菌与化香树(Platycarya strobilacea Sieb.et Zucc).合成菌根苗的技术进行了研究,结果表明用印度块菌、夏块菌孢子液接种化香树苗后,第三个月发现已形成根尖淡乳色,基部淡黄色、黄褐色的外生菌根。外生菌根为单轴状、羽状和不规则分支状,单根菌根长300μm~4 000μm,直径为200μm~500μm;平坦或从菌根延伸出外延菌丝。印度块菌与化香树形成的外延菌丝为透明、半透明、絮状。夏块菌与化香树形成的外延菌丝为黄绿色、羊毛状。菌根老化后变暗褐或萎缩;两种块菌与化香树形成的菌根在显微镜下有明显的差别。     

培养基成分对药用真菌多糖的影响

药用真菌是具有保健和治疗疾病作用的一类真菌,能产生丰富的次级代谢产物。多糖是一种重要的次级代谢产物,具有抗肿瘤、降血脂、抗病毒等多种生物学活性,目前已成为一个研究热点。从培养基成分角度,综述碳源、氮源、碳氮比、无机盐、生长促进物质、植物油、真菌激发子对药用真菌多糖产生的影响。