减压阀在大落差管道上的应用

库尔对鄯善输油管道采用了常温密闭输送工艺及ＳＡＤＡ系统等先进技术,是目前经水平邻行的一条管道,详细介绍了自荷兰引进的ＲＺＤ－ＲＭＢＸ型减压阀的结构、工作原理、调节特性及运行工况。该减压阀首次在国内输油管道上用于解决大落差的难题。运行一年多来,工作平稳正常,效果良好。     

大庆原油总外输计量站技术改造

介绍了大庆油田原油总外输计量站计算机系统技术改造的原则、系统功能特点及改造后的成套原油仪表计量系统的主机配置,包括ＡＷ５１Ｂ应用／操作处理机、ＷＰ５１Ｂ操作站处理机、ＣＯＭＭ１０通信处理机、ＣＰ３０ＦＴ容错控制处理机和ＦＢＰ１２现场总线处理机、数据试验与实践证明,改造后的成大原油仪表计量系统技术先进、运行安全可靠、计量精度高、维修操作方便,便于管理。     

沸喷油品储罐火灾事故的处理

针对沸喷性油品燃烧时产生沸溢喷溅的原因、规律和特点进行了详细的论述,并结合实际灭火经验,提出了灭火的最佳时机及防止沸溢喷溅的具体方法,采用液下喷射泡 灭装置不受油罐爆炸的影响,能有效地控制火箭。     

转轮流动模拟器在原油降凝剂评价中的应用

探讨了用转轮流动模拟器评价原油降凝剂的效果和模拟输油管道输送添加降凝剂含蜡原油的工业性试验的可行性,试验结果表明,用转轮模拟器可以方便地测定了不同加剂量下降摩擦因子和原油视粘度随温度的曲线及管输温度界限等数据。     

庆铁输油管道仿真系统

介绍了大庆至铁岭输油管道专用的管道运行计算机仿真培训系统,该系统以适于庆铁输油管道的仿真发动机为核心,以仿真ＳＣＡＤＡ系统数据库为基础,以微机局域网络为纽带,建立了具有与现场一致的图形操作模式道运行仿真系统,该系统的研制开发,为管道ＳＣＡＤＡ系统建立在线实时仿真系统奠定了基础。     

热媒炉导热油使用状况分析

以中洛输油管道热媒炉导热油为例,分析了热媒炉导热油使用寿命缩短的主要原因是超高温运行、局部过热、无氮封、杂质较多等,指出应采取旁接流程、加设冷封阱隔绝空气、过滤和精制措施,以延长导热油使用年限。以三四年为一个使用周期计算,若将导热油延长一个使用周期,可节约100×10~4元。     

滁菊挥发油提取工艺研究

目的:采用正交试验法筛选滁菊挥发油最优提取工艺。方法:以挥发油得率为考察指标,分别以药材粉碎度、加水量、浸泡时间、蒸馏时间为考察因素进行正交试验设计,确定滁菊挥发油的最佳提取工艺。结果:影响滁菊挥发油提取的最主要因素为粉碎度,其次为蒸馏时间、加水量、浸泡时间,滁菊中挥发油最佳提取工艺条件为:菊花粉碎度80-100目,14倍加水量,浸泡10 h,提取13 h。结论:此提取工艺合理可行,试验重复性较好,可用于滁菊挥发油的提取。     

Growth performance of the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed on practical diets with increasing levels of the Antarctic krill meal,Euphausia superba,reared in clear‐ versus green‐water culture tanks

Litopenaeus vannamei were stocked in 25 clear‐water 500‐L tanks at 100 shrimp m^?2 and in 25 green‐water 1000‐L tanks at 60 animals m^?2. Four diets were formulated to include krill meal at 10, 50 or 110 g kg^?1; or krill oil at 25 g kg^?1 by replacing fish meal, fish oil, soybean lecithin and cholesterol. Diets had similar levels of crude protein, total energy and essential amino acids. After 72 days, shrimp reared in clear and green water showed no differences in performance among diets. In clear water, shrimp attained 13.1 ± 0.59 g body weight, 1.00 ± 0.06 g week^?1 growth, 81.4 ± 7.3% survival, 780 ± 118 g m^?2 yield, 16.9 ± 1.8 g shrimp^?1 apparent feed intake (AFI), and 2.18 ± 0.29 food conversion ratio (FCR). In green water, shrimp attained 14.3 ± 0.81 g body weight, 1.04 ± 0.09 g week^?1 growth, 91.4 ± 5.4% survival, 569 ± 69 g m^?2 yield, 20.9 ± 3.2 g shrimp^?1 AFI, and 2.22 ± 0.34 FCR. Diets containing krill meal or krill oil were able to fully replace the protein and lipid value of fish meal, fish oil, soybean lecithin and cholesterol at no cost to performance.     

The anaesthetic‐like effect of tea tree oil in common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

This study investigated the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) as an anaesthetic for common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., by estimation of behaviour changes and responsiveness to being taken out of the water. All applied concentrations (from 0.2 to 0.6 mL L⁻¹) resulted in sedation and immobilization. The lowest effective concentration (induction time ≤3 min, recovery time ≤10 min after 15 min of exposure) was 0.5 mL L⁻¹. Exposure in excess of 30 min at a concentration of 0.5 mL L⁻¹ caused mortality. TTO displayed distinct general anaesthetic‐like properties, fulfilling the basic requirements for a potent fish anaesthetic.     

The effects of tank colours on the growth and survival of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis,Linnaeus 1758) hatchlings and juveniles

The effects of different tank colours (white, yellow sandy and black) on the growth, mortality and biomass production were studied for hatchling and early juvenile cuttlefish. For hatchlings, the use of different colour tanks did not promote differences in growth due to the higher variability (standard deviation) found in the white‐ and sand‐coloured tanks. Black tanks promoted the lowest and highest values for total mortality and biomass respectively. For juveniles, the use of different tank colours promoted different growth (P<0.05), but not mortality. Black tanks promoted the best results in terms of growth and biomass. The results obtained in the present study advise the use of black (or dark colour) tanks in the hatchling and early juvenile stages to reduce the standard deviations associated with growth, mortality and biomass production. This will contribute to minimize problems associated with slow and fast growers and competition.