秦京输油管道优化运行研究

在对秦京输油管道系统分析的基础上,建立了秦京输油管道优化运行的动态规划数学模型,将这个数学模型看作二维资源分配问题,即把全线总压头和全线总热负荷在各站间进行最优分配。提出了一种二维动态规划求解方法,在求解时用逐次法降维。这种方法既充分考虑了秦京输油管道的特点,又兼顾了数学上的严密性,在所建立的数学模型及提出的优化计算方法的基础上,用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ语言开发了秦京输油管道     

东辛含硫油管道经济运行技术研究

东辛含硫油管道实际输量只有设计输量的60.8%,致使输油泵出口节流现象严重,输油泵和加热炉效率低,造成了能源浪费。针对现存的问题,提出了几种可行性技术方案。通过分析优选,认为泵叶轮车削比较适合该管道的实际情况。给出了车削后泵的额定工作参数,介绍了车削后各站库泵的运行组合情况及运行效果,并提出了几种研究方案。     

Processing of maize germ oil cake into edible food grade meal and evaluation of its protein quality

The commercial oil cake produced during expeller pressing of maize germ, was extracted with n-hexane and 80 percent ethanol followed by seiving to remove undesirable materials. In defatted maize germ oil cake (DMGOC): protein, starch, fat, crude fiber (CF) and ash were respectively 24.69, 36.55, 5.68, 7.56 and 3.90 percent and they decrease after processing except ash, which increased slightly. It contains better quality protein having only 3 percent zein and 47 percent albumin. Its amino acids like lysine and tryptophan and biological value (BV) were higher than that of whole maize grain, and was comparable with that of the amino acid requirement of preschool children and casein diets both. Its digestible energy (DE) was lower compared with whole maize grain as well as the casein diets. After processing albumin, globulin and zein decreased whereas glutelin and the residual fraction increased. Not much differences were observed in chemical composition and different amino acids, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), true digestibility (TD), BV and DE improved after processing.     

南输成品油管道输储油温度变化规律及其利用

分析了南输成品油管道实际输油,储油温度的变化规律,提出了取消或停用首,末站柴油储罐加热蒸气的方案,通过对停用加热蒸气后输运输转０号柴油的实际运作及对首末站储罐没温的实测值分析,认为在输储０号柴油机时,可以在首末站停止加热蒸气,从而在节能降耗方面取得良好的效果。     

供油提前角对375柴油机性能影响的试验研究

以无锡柴油机厂375柴油机为研究对象,试验并测量不同供油提前角下的油耗率、排放烟度和排气温度,得到375柴油机不同性能要求下最佳供油提前角大小。     

红棕油对樱桃谷肉鸭屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉营养成分的影响

为研究红棕油对樱桃谷肉鸭屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉营养物成分的影响,选取1日龄健康、体重为(50±2.01)g的樱桃谷肉仔鸭640羽,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复16羽,公母各半.对照组饲喂添加0.45％棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂添加0.15％红棕油+0.3％棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验2组饲喂添加0.3％红棕油+...     

丛枝菌根对干旱胁迫下油用牡丹幼苗光化学活性的影响

采用盆栽法,对重度干旱(土壤相对含水量为30%)和轻度干旱(土壤相对含水量为55%)胁迫3 d和6 d的接种丛枝菌根真菌(Gigaspora rosea)的油用牡丹‘凤丹’幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数进行测定。结果显示：与未接菌相比,干旱胁迫下接菌‘凤丹’的PSII潜在活性Fv/Fo和性能指数PIabs均升高;重度干旱胁迫3、6 d,接菌‘凤丹’的Mo和Vj较未接菌处理分别显著降低14.5%、29.8%和12.9%和16.2%,φEo和φo分别显著提高9.7%、52.2%和8%、23.6%;与未接菌相比,轻度干旱胁迫3、6 d,接菌‘凤丹’的单位面积吸收的光能ABS/CSo、单位面积捕获的光能Tro/CSo、单位面积电子传递的量子产额ETo/CSo、单位面积传递到PSⅠ末端的量子产额REo/CSo均提高,但不显著;重度干旱胁迫3、6 d,接菌‘凤丹’的Tro/CSo、ETo/CSo和单位面积反应中心数RC/CSm分别显著提高37.8%、41.1%、47.7%、73.8%、50.1%、141.8%;干旱胁迫下,接菌‘凤丹’的调节性能量耗散量子产量Y(NPQ)均显著高于未接菌处理,非调节性能量耗散量子产量Y(NO)显著低于未接菌处理。表明,丛枝菌根可以提高干旱胁迫下(尤其是重度干旱下)PSII反应中心活性,增加对光能的吸收和捕获,提高电子传递能力和光化学效率,同时将剩余的光能以热耗散的形式散发,从而避免光损伤,进而提高干旱胁迫下油用牡丹幼苗的光化学活性和抗旱性。     

Influence of alkyl oleates on efficacy of phenmedipham applied as an acetone:water solution on Galium aparine

Galium aparine plants were treated at the two-whorl stage with technical-grade phenmedipham. The active ingredient was applied at 10 doses as an acetone:water solution, without emulsifier, alone or in mixture with an ester of oleic acid (methyl, butyl, octyl, dodecanyl, octadecanyl). The plant response was described by a log-logistic regression model. Phenmedipham applied alone did not kill the plants even at the highest dose (1621 g a.i. ha⁻¹). In contrast, addition of any alkyl oleate to phenmedipham killed the plants at the 200–400 g a.i. ha⁻¹ doses. The alkyl oleates differently affected activity of phenmedipham. Their effects could be ranked as follows: butyl ≥ methyl; octyl> methyl; dodecanyl ≤ methyl; octadecanyl < methyl oleate. Thus, butyl and octyl oleate promoted phenmedipham activity more than methyl oleate.     

冷杉精油香水的研制

松科冷杉属植物体内富含精油,冷杉精油是一种稀有而珍的天然香料。以冷杉精油为主,配合多种其它天然香料和单体香料,通过一系列试验方法,研制出集草香、果香、药香和抑菌作用于一体的多功能新型男女兼用香水,给人以自然的芳香气息。     

Variation in the seed and oil yields and oil quality in the Indian germplasm of opium poppy Papaver somniferum

The variation in the seed shape, colour and yield, and content, yield and fatty acid composition of seed oil of 109 accessions of opium poppy Papaver somniferum, (majority of them Indian land races), was investigated. The seeds were white, pale yellow or light brown in colour, reniform or round in shape and varied in size up to three fold. The oil content, seed and the oil yield varied between 26 to 52%, 1.0 to 7.4 g/plant and 0.4 to 2.7 g/plant, respectively. The % content of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid in the seed oil ranged between 9.3 to 40.0%, 7.5 to 58.4% and 0.7 to 72.7%, respectively. On average basis, the levels of major fatty acids in the seed oil were: oleic (37.1%) > palmitic (27.3%) > linoleic acid (17.2%). The palmitoleic, stearic and linolenic acids were present in the oils of only some of the accessions. Two of the accessions yielded linoleic acid rich seed oil of about the same quality as soybean and maize oils, and in four accessions, the proportion of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids was roughly equal. The palmitic acid was relatively less and linoleic acid more in the seed oil from accessions rich in oil content. The oil that contained higher amount of oleic acid also contained higher amount of palmitic acid and relatively lower amount of linoleic acid. The correlation analyses revealed a strong positive relationship between seed yield and oil yield (r = +0.81), oil yield and oil content (r = +0.54) and oleic acid and palmitic acid content in the seed oil (r = +0.49), and a weak positive relationship between oil content and linoleic acid content of oil (r = +0.24), and a negative correlation was observed between oil content and palmitic acid content (r = –0.32), palmitic acid and linoleic acid (r = –0.55) and oleic acid and linoleic acid contents of oil (r = –0.68). The observations have permitted selection of accessions that are high seed and oil yielding and/or rich in linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids or containing palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids in about equal amounts.