日粮营养对动物脂肪组织基因表达的影响

脂肪组织是一个强大的分泌器官,它能分泌许多与能量、脂肪代谢相关的酶、激素等.调控能量代谢和脂肪组织生长.本文综述了日粮对动物脂肪组织中基因表达作用的研究状况.并阐述了营养成分对这些基因上下游表达的作用机制.     

Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in broiler chickens fed on corn-soybean diets affects performance in the finisher period and energy metabolites in breast muscle independent of diet nutrient density

(1) Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the single immediate endogenous precursor of creatine (Cr). It was hypothesised that dietary GAA would have different effects on performance and energy metabolites in breast muscle depending on the nutrient density (ND) of corn-soybean-based diets.

(2) A total of 540 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 9 dietary treatments with 6 replicates (10 birds each) in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of ND (low, 2800; medium, 2950 and high, 3100 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg; and with the other nutrients being constant relative to ME) and supplemented with three levels of GAA (0, 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg) in a 42-d feeding trial.

(3) In the starter and grower periods, increasing levels of ND improved body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), with the exception of ADFI in the starter period. GAA supplementation did not affect performance characteristics. All performance indicators responded markedly to increasing ND in the finisher period, whereas the highest GAA level reduced ADFI compared to the unsupplemented control (156 vs. 162 g/d) and concomitantly FCR (1.81 vs. 1.93). No interactive effects were noted for any performance trait. The high ND diet resulted in more breast meat yield on d42, associated with higher fat content and darker colour compared to the other ND levels. The GAA supplementation did not affect carcass and breast traits. At the end of the experiment, Cr was elevated when feeding GAA at 1.2 g/kg (5455 vs. 4338 mg/kg fresh muscle).

(4) To conclude, ND had a substantial effect on performance and carcass traits, whereas any effect of GAA was limited to FCR in the finisher period and independent of diet ND level.     

象草幼穗离体培养植株再生研究

以象草幼穗为外植体材料、改良的MS为基本培养基,研究了不同外源激素组合对不同发育时期幼穗愈伤组织诱导和植株再生能力的影响.结果表明,象草幼穗离体培养最适长度为2～5 cm;愈伤组织诱导培养基中添加4.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.05 mg/L KT和4.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.10 mg/L KT时,颗粒状愈伤组织诱导率分别为79.0%和72.6%;转入添加3.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.2 mg/L 6-BA的继代培养基,分别有40.9%和74.0%的愈伤组织保持颗粒状结构;在添加2.0 mg/L CPPU 0.01 mg/L NAA和0.50 mg/L KT 0.5 mg/L IAA的分化培养基上,经过继代培养后的颗粒状愈伤组织的成苗率分别为36.4%和38.5%,总成苗率达50.2%和43.9%.3片叶大小的幼苗转入附加NAA 0.50 mg/L的1/2 MS壮根培养基,试管苗移栽成活率达95%以上.在继代培养过程中逐代选择外表呈白色、干燥、紧密、颗粒状的愈伤组织,是提高其植株再生能力的有效方法.     

离子载体在反刍动物生产上的应用研究进展

离子载体自1968年被发现后,如今其在反刍动物生产上的应用已经遍及全世界,同时对离子载体的研究也在不断深入。本文从离子载体的作用机理以及离子载体在能量代谢、氮代谢、消化紊乱相关疾病和安全方面的研究概况进行了综述,并提出了离子载体今后的研究方向。     

高寒地区一年生人工草地地上生物量动态及光能转化效率

对燕麦单播草地、燕麦+箭舌豌豆混播草地牧草组成及地上生物量动态,光能转化效率进行了观测和分析。试验结果表明,混播草地的两组分在生长发育节律和牧草产量积累过程方面均存在着较大的差异,箭舌豌豆与燕麦干物质之比随牧草生长发育的进展而逐渐增大。2种草地的干草产量在牧草生长期间差异不显著。8月中旬,单、混播草地干物质分别可达10.19、11.74t/hm2,地上净初级生产力分别为18874.69、21204.79kJ/(m2·a),光能转化率分别达0.3502%、0.3922%。     

打破结缕草种子休眠的方法研究

X-射线能谱分析表明,颖苞表面被蜡质和硅覆盖,造成颖苞透性差,限制结缕草Zoysia japonica种子的萌发.在此基础上采用丙酮、HF和H2SO4处理结缕草种子,发现均能有效打破休眠,具体表现如下:以0.6%HF处理10min、30%丙酮处理20min、60%H2SO4处理5min效果最好,发芽率分别为88%、90%和92%,同20%NaOH处理20min相比,种子发芽率相差不多.表明,可以考虑用HF或丙酮等有机溶剂来进行结缕草种子的工厂化处理.     

饲粮不同营养水平对黄羽肉鸡能量和粗蛋白质表观代谢率的影响

为探讨饲粮的不同营养水平对黄羽肉鸡能量和粗蛋白质表观代谢率的影响,用甘肃黄鸡在4周龄和8周龄分别做2期代谢试验。第1期试验设A、B、C组,第2期设A、BH、B、BL、C组。试验结果表明:能量代谢率,第1期A、B、C组分别为76.68%、69.55%和65.51%,组间差异均显著(P<0.05);第2期BH、A和B组(71.50%、71.00%和69.31%)3组均显著地高于BL和C组(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质代谢率,第1期A、B、C组分别为54.63%、52.27%和51.82%,第2期B和BH组最高(43.80%、43.22%),但两期组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可得出,营养水平饲粮条件下中速型黄羽鸡能量和粗蛋白质代谢率最高。     

When, why, and how to perform cardiac radiofrequency catheter ablation

Radiofrequency catheter ablative techniques provide a unique opportunity to cure dogs of certain supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, rather than simply controlling the rhythm with drug therapy. Accessory pathways, which can participate as one limb of a rapid, narrow complex tachyarrhythmia circuit, have a particularly high cure rate with radiofrequency catheter ablation. Focal atrial tachycardias also provide a substrate that can be amenable to ablation. Tachycardia-induced myocardial dysfunction resulting from frequent tachyarrhythmic episodes will resolve after a successful ablation. This report outlines the indications, equipment, and techniques used in dogs for performing catheter ablation with temperature-controlled radiofrequency energy delivery.     

放牧对鸭茅能量积累及分配的影响

通过长期放牧试验，探讨了不同放牧强度下亚热带高山草地鸭茅种群能量积累规律及能量在不同构件之间的分配特征。在无放牧的对照草地及采食率分别为55％、65％、80％的放牧草地，鸭茅热值随放牧强度的增加而呈单峰曲线型变化，一定强度范围内的放牧干扰提高了鸭茅热值及能量的积累；根部能量的积累随放牧强度的提高而逐渐减少。在禁牧草地，鸭茅种群能量主要被低密度的大分蘖丛所分摊，随着放牧强度的提高，种群能量则逐渐均摊给高密度的小分蘖丛。     

海洋酸化对海洋生物呼吸代谢的影响及机制

海洋酸化是对海洋生态系统最大威胁之一。随着海洋酸化不断加剧,海洋生物呼吸代谢酶活性下降,呼吸代谢方式改变,严重影响海洋生物的正常生长发育和生存。文章主要综述海洋酸化对海洋生物特别是鱼类呼吸代谢的影响及机制,旨在深入研究海洋酸化对海洋生物呼吸代谢的影响、机理及适应机制,为控制海洋酸化提供依据,同时也为海洋生物养殖水体的调控提供参考。