Efficiency of Embodied Technology Spillovers

Technological progress is the key competitive ability of a society.A society's technological progress depends on it's ability of research and development (R&D) and the absorption of R&D spillovers. Since China is a developing country, which is comparatively short of R&D expenditure and activity, it is absolutely necessarily to utilize R&D spillovers. This paper analyses the relation among destination-specific AC (Absorption Capacity) , source- and destination-specific SS (Structural Similarity) and embodied technology spillovers by one-sector and three-areas GTAP models. The conclusion is:Being 'neutral' in nature, the exogenous Hicks-Neutral Technical Progress shock uniformly reduces the input requirements associated with producing a given level of output of stuff.     

Breeding of high protein quality rice

Summary Three breeding lines (F₈) of rice, derived from cross between Brimful X Koshihikari were tested for protein, amino acid, growth test with rats and yield parameters in field trials. The breeding lines had higher protein and amino acid concentrations than the leading Japanese cultivar Koshihikari, which was grown as a control. Grain yield in the breeding lines was lower than that of Koshihikari (4.5 t/ha). The grain-protein yield of the breeding lines was higher (500 kg/ha) than that of Koshihikari (440 kg/ha). The average gain in weight of rats fed brown and milled rices of the breeding line was 19 and 21 g, respectively: in control rats fed Koshihikari average gain was –1 and 8 g. These results showed that the breeding lines of rice can be developed which possess higher food value than the available varieties.     

不同保存方法对秸秆营养价值的影响

研究高粱秸、玉米秸、豆秸和甘薯藤4种秸秆在不同保存方法（露天保存、棚舍保存、青贮和氨化）下主要营养物质的变化情况。并选用2头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的去势本地黄牛(450±15kg)来研究不同保存方法对其DM、OM、NDF和ADF瘤胃降解率的影响。结果表明：不同保存方法对CP影响差异极显著(P<0.01)；对OM高粱秸差异极显著(P<0.01)，甘薯藤差异显著(P<0.05)；NDF差异均显著(P<0.05)；ADF差异均显著(P<0.05)，WSC差异极显著(P<0.01)；提高DM、OM、NDF和ADF降解率的方法为烘干，氨化，豆秸除外。     

肉牛血液中矿物质元素的含量与变化研究

用原子吸收光谱法对肉牛血液中的Cu,Zn,Fe和用火焰法对Mg,K进行测定.其结果是Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg,K分别为0.402±0.18μg/mL,2.530±0.75μg/mL,412.562±67.52μg/mL,26.580±3.04μg/mL,371.422±172.704μg/mL.Cu,Zn的含量偏低;Fe,Mg,K的含量符合要求.并研究了不同的海拔高度、性别、饲养水平及妊娠与否等条件下肉牛血液中矿物质元素的变化,其结果为不同海拔高度、年龄、性别、饲养水平和妊娠与否的肉牛血液全血中的Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg,K 5种元素的含量差异不显著,不同年龄组中Zn的含量差异显著,其他元素差异不显著.     

土壤水分广义电磁测量方法的潜力分析

以我国具有代表性的土壤理化特性层间和空间变异资料为依据。基于广义电磁波与物质相互作用原理,分析了土壤理化特性变异对土壤介电常数、折射率、质量吸收系数等电磁特性参数的影响规律,得出了土壤介电常数的水分敏感性强而土壤的容重、质地影响小,因此土壤水分介电测量法是最具潜力的一类方法的结论。     

内蒙古赤峰北部五旗主要野生豆科牧草营养价值的研究

测试了赤峰北部主要野生豆科牧草的营养成分，结果表明，粗蛋白含量>15%的有5属10种，占调查属种数的38.5%和41.7%；粗蛋白含量在12%～15%的有6属11种，占调查属种数的46.2%和45.8%；粗蛋白含量在10%～12%的有2属3种，占调查属种数的15.3%和12.5%。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化山刺玫果总黄酮的工艺研究

对山刺玫(Rosa davurica Pall.)果总黄酮的大孔树脂纯化工艺进行了优化研究,以比吸附量和比解吸量为考察指标,进行了D-101大孔树脂纯化工艺的优化。结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为生药浓度0.025 g/m L;最佳上样量为0.23 g/g(生药量/树脂量);最佳吸附时间为30 min;上柱液p H为2.0~4.0;吸附速率为1 BV/h;洗脱液为3 BV 70%乙醇,洗脱流速为1 BV/h。在此最佳条件下得到的山刺玫果提取物总黄酮含量由20%提高到85%左右。采用D-101型大孔树脂纯化山刺玫果总黄酮的效果较好,且操作简单,为山刺玫果的综合利用提供了依据。     

原子吸收光谱法测定青海牦牛酥油中7种微量元素

[目的]测定牦牛酥油中7种微量元素含量.[方法]运用混合酸溶液湿法消解和马弗炉高温干灰化法2种方法对青海牦牛酥油进行消化处理,使用原子吸收光谱法对青海牦牛酥油中Ca、Na、Mg、Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn 7种微量元素进行了测定.[结果]试验发现,湿法消解在样品处理过程中优于干灰化法,使用湿法消解得到的牦牛酥油Ca、Na、Mg、Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn元素的含量分别为298.12、268.10、126.12、4.06、0.86、76.05、33.77 μg/g.采用此方法回收率在95.03％～102.26％,相对标准偏差小于5％.[结论]研究可为分析牦牛酥油的营养价值提供参考依据.     

Influence of preceding crop and tillage system on forage yield and quality of selected summer grass and legume forage crops under arid conditions

Among the crop production factors, preceding crop and tillage management affect the sustainable use of soil resources and ultimately crop growth and productivity. This study aimed at investigating the impact of preceding winter crops (grass or legume) and different tillage systems on forage yield, quality and nutritive values of three summer grass (Sudan grass, pearl millet and teosinte) and two legume forage crops (cowpea and guar) under arid conditions. The results exhibited that growing forage crops after legumes (as berseem clover) produced the highest fresh and dry forage yields and quality attributes compared with grasses (as wheat) with the exception of crude fiber content, which was decreased. Moreover, tillage practices showed positive impact on forage yields and quality attributes. The maximum forage yields and quality parameters were recorded under conventional tillage (CT) practice compared with reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) systems. Among the evaluated crops, the highest yields of fresh forage, dry forage, crude fiber, crude protein and total digestible nutrient were exhibited by grass forage crops (Sudan grass, pearl millet and teosinte), whereas the highest crude protein content and the digestible energy values were produced by legume forage crops (cowpea and guar). The maximum fresh forage, dry forage, crude fiber, crude protein, total digestible nutrient and digestible crude protein yields were produced by pearl millet followed by Sudan grass under CT and RT after berseem clover. The highest net return was recorded by sowing pearl millet after berseem clover and applying CT followed by RT practices, which could be recommended for the commercial production. Moreover, it could be assumed that the combination of growing grass forage crops after legume crops under CT or RT systems could enhance forage crop yield and quality with an improvement in soil properties for sustainable agriculture with low cost and the highest net income.     

播种量和播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收利用及产量的影响

为探究黄壤土条件下不同播种量及播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收及养分利用及产量的影响,连续2年在贵州省黔西县黄壤田以‘阳光131’为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,以播种方式为主区,设置撒播（SB）、条播（TB）和穴播（XB）3种方式;以播种量为副区,设置3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5和9.0 kg·hm^-2共5个水平,测定不同播种量及播种方式下冬油菜生物量、养分吸收利用、产量及其构成因子。结果表明,相同播种量下,不同播种方式冬油菜的生物量、养分累积量、肥料利用效率和产量均表现为条播优于撒播和穴播;相同播种方式下,冬油菜的生物量、养分累积量、肥料利用效率和产量均表现为随着播种量的增加先升高后降低,以播种量为6.0 kg·hm^-2时最高。TB6.0处理2年的生物量分别为9 798和10 351 kg·hm^-2,较其他处理提高615~3 196和254~2 714 kg·hm^-2;且氮、磷、钾的累积量分别平均为129.8、32.6和213.9 kg·hm^-2,均高于其他处理;2年的平均产量为2 657 kg·hm^-2,较SB6.0和XB6.0处理分别提高14.6%和7.6%。综上所述,在不间苗、不匀苗的情况下,条播为贵州冬油菜的最优直播方式,播种量以6.0 kg·hm^-2为宜,研究结果为贵州黄壤田冬油菜的科学种植提供了理论和科学依据。