Prevalence and risk factors in serous arthritis in the carpal joint of Norwegian coldblooded trotters

Of 508 four-year-old coldblooded trotters examined for carpitis, 135 (27%) had the condition. Thirty horses had unilateral carpitis on the left frontlimb, 52 on the right frontlimb and 53 had bilateral carpitis. Of these horses, 105 were stallions, 135 were geldings and 269 were mares. The prevalence of carpitis in these three groups was 25%, 25% and 28%, respectively.Information was obtained on the training regimes in four periods of the life of 378 horses. The odds ratios for the training variables were of the same order in all four periods. In logistic regression analyses on the training variables for the first period for the variable percentage of carpitis within each progeny group (sire index), the odds ratio corresponding to a 10% increase in sire index was 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) (95% confidence interval of the odds ratio). The odds ratios for leaving the horses out in a paddock, walking in a jogcart and fast training, or not in each case, were 0.4 (0.2, 0.9), 2.5 (1.2, 5.3) and 2.0 (0.9, 4.4), respectively. This implies a decreased risk of developing carpitis for horses left out in a paddock as a two-year-old, and a 2.5 and 2.0 times increased risk of carpitis occuring in horses exposed to walking in a jogcart and fast training, respectively.Information on the feeding regimes during the first, second and third year collected by a questionnaire revealed no association with carpitis beyond that which could be ascribed to chance. The rations offered were within normal ranges except for calcium, which was below recommended levels.     

宫内发育迟缓仔猪胎盘血管发育的分子机制及其营养调控

宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)降低仔猪存活率和生长性能,给养猪业带来严重经济损失.如何有效降低IUGR仔猪的出生,一直是行业关注的科学问题.胎盘是一个高度血管化的器官,其血管生成异常会阻碍氧气和营养物质的正常运输,导致胎盘无法正常向胎儿提供足够的营养物质,这可能是引起仔猪IUGR的重要因素.鉴于胎盘血管在胎猪生长过程中扮演的...     

β-葡聚糖的生物学功能及在水产养殖中的应用

β-葡聚糖来源广泛,主要存在于植物和微生物细胞壁中,由葡聚糖单体构成,具有多种结构,因其侧链残基种类和数量的不同而具有多种生物学功能,如通过降低炎症相关基因表达及提高免疫因子的表达发挥调节免疫的作用;通过减少脂质的产生和吸收发挥调节脂质代谢的作用;通过提高抗氧化酶、自由基、超氧阴离子的清除活性及激活Nrf2信号通路、上调抗氧化基因的表达来增强机体的抗氧化能力,发挥抗氧化作用;通过增强缺氧耐受性及提高抗氨氮应激能力、能量代谢和抗氧化酶基因的表达等发挥抗应激作用。自抗生素禁用以来,β-葡聚糖在水产动物中的研究和应用逐渐深入,β-葡聚糖在预防水产动物疾病和减少抗生素使用等方面发挥着重要作用。在水产养殖中,β-葡聚糖可通过提高消化酶活性、改善肠道结构、优化肠道菌群及增强非特异性免疫力来提高水产动物生长性能,β-葡聚糖的联合使用比添加单一种类的免疫刺激剂具有更好的免疫效果。作者就β-葡聚糖的结构特征、生物学活性、作用机制及在水产动物中的应用进行了综述,并对β-葡聚糖今后的发展方向进行了展望,为实现水产动物生态健康养殖提供材料。     

动物营养与饲料学实验教学改革与创新人才培养

根据动物营养与饲料学专业人才培养目标和《甘肃农业大学实践教学指导意见》的要求,通过从动物营养与饲料学实验教学大纲的修订,教学内容的编排,授课形式,授课时间和实验成绩考评等方面进行改革前后的比较与探讨,以期探索提高学生的动手操作能力,培养学生独立思考、发现问题、分析问题和解决问题能力的有效途径.     

畜牧学科遗传育种与动物营养学面上项目申请和资助情况分析

畜禽遗传育种学和动物营养学是国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部六处畜牧学科面上项目的重要组成部分,本文对2004—2007年畜牧学科面上项目中的遗传育种学、动物营养学和饲料资源学的申请和资助情况进行了总结,对申请和资助项目快速增长情况进行了分析,并针对2008年基金委资助格局发生变化的状况,建议项目申请者明确定位,撰写申请书时要在突出创新思想的基础上,以提出的科学问题为主线,阐明拟解决科学问题的方法和手段。本文旨在为从事该专业的科研人员申报科学基金提供参考。     

Age and hourly related changes of serum testosterone and spermiogram of prepubertal bulls fed two levels of nutrition

Serum testosterone concentrations and the spermiograms of prepuberal bulls fed two levels of protein diets were investigated at 7, 10, 14 and 18 months of age. Scrotal circumference, body condition score and total sperm counts of those animals on a high protein diet were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those on a low protein diet. However, sperm motility, total dead sperm and abnormal sperm did not differ between the treatment groups (P <0.05). One bull fed a high protein diet had significantly higher testosterone concentrations (basal and peak) than a bull fed low protein throughout the four sampling periods (P <0.05). Testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference, volume of semen, sperm concentration and sperm output of bulls on low and high protein diets increased significantly with age (P <0.05). Peak testosterone concentrations ranged from 1.1. ng ml⁻¹ at 7 months to a maximum of 5.3 ng ml⁻¹ at 18 months. The 24 h secretory patterns of testosterone were episodic, pulsatile or temporal in nature. The peaks occurred mostly in the morning hours and ranged from one to five in number. Protein intake in prepubertal bulls could have significant influence on spermiogram and testosterone production.     

德系安格拉毛用兔日粮最适营养水平探讨

本试验选用德系安格拉成年毛用兔80只,研究了其日粮不同粗蛋白(CP)、含硫氨基酸(SAA)和粗纤维(CF)水平对产毛性能的影响。结果表明,日粮中CP水平以16%～18%为宜,过高的CP水平并不能提高产毛率和毛的质量;日粮中SAA水平以0.65%～0.85%为宜,日粮配方中添加一定量的蛋氨酸能显著提高产毛性能;日粮中CF水平以14%左右提高毛的产量和质量为最佳,过精的日粮不仅造成浪费,而且对产毛性能并没有好处。     

母猪精氨酸营养研究进展

内源合成以及传统饲粮供给的精氨酸并不能满足母猪的最佳营养需要,因此需外源添加,其对母猪胎盘、胚胎和胎儿的生长发育具有重要意义.本文从精氨酸的理化特性、合成与分解代谢以及对母猪繁殖性能的影响等方面阐述精氨酸的营养生理作用,重点阐述精氨酸营养调节母猪繁殖性能的作用机制.     

山毛豆草粉颗粒料对肉兔的饲用价值评定

为探讨山毛豆(Tephrosia candida)草粉对肉兔的饲用价值,将60只新西兰青年肉兔分为5组,分别添加0％(对照),10％,20％,30％和40％的山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料,饲喂90 d后测定各组饲料的营养成分及肉兔采食量、日增重、料重比和屠宰性能.结果表明:山毛豆营养生长期粗蛋白含量为17.77％,肉兔对山毛豆中粗蛋白的消化率为78.09％,山毛豆的可消化总养分为56.18％.与对照组相比,添加20％草粉日增重达到20.80 g·d-1(P＜0.01);料重比为4.45∶ 1(P＜0.05);屠宰率为57.78％(P＜0.01);单位kg增重平均最低饲料成本差异显著(P＜0.05).因此,添加20％山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料可显著提高肉兔的生产性能和养殖效益.