计算机视觉描述缺素番茄叶片颜色变化的研究

利用计算机视觉系统代替人眼对番茄缺素进行自动识别的方法，通过对缺素番茄叶片彩色图像的分析研究，利用图像处理技术中的颜色分析方法，分析缺N和正常叶片的特征量随着缺素时间的变化规律．提出用G体均值、H色调均值来定量描述缺N叶片随时间的变化。结果表明：利用计算机视觉能定量描述缺N叶片颜色随缺素时间的变化。     

草地贪夜蛾蛹寄生蜂——霍氏啮小蜂生物学特性

草地贪夜蛾是2019年初入侵我国的重要农业害虫,国外对草地贪夜蛾的生物防治技术研究较深入,报道较多的是寄生性天敌,霍氏啮小蜂是其重要的蛹期寄生性天敌.为探明不同糖源和不同温度条件下霍氏啮小蜂对草地贪夜蛾的生防潜力,本研究比较了不同糖源和不同温度对霍氏啮小蜂发育的影响.结果表明,蜂蜜、蔗糖、葡萄糖均能显著延长霍氏啮小蜂雌...     

基于Web of Science文献计量学分析的全球老年食品研究进展

为深入了解国内外老年食品的研究现状和研究热点,该研究基于Web of Science核心合集(SCI-E)数据库,采用文献计量学理论和可视化分析技术,对1990～2020年全球老年食品研究文献进行分析,以为中国老年食品的研究和开发提供参考。全球有64个国家/地区、852个研究机构,236种期刊开展了老年食品研究,跨区域合作、多学科交叉融合频繁,美国、日本、法国、加拿大、中国等国家均表现出较大的研究体量和较强的合作关系,美国、荷兰老年食品研究的总体质量较高,优势研究机构大多位于欧美等发达国家,研究领域主要集中于营养学、食品科学技术、老年医学等,重点关注膳食补充、健康状况和相关风险。研究前沿有粮食不安全(food insecurity)、健康状况(health status)、生活质量(quality of life)、康复(rehabilitation)、超重(overweight)、有效性(validity)、吞咽困难(dysphagia)、滋味(taste)等。中国老年食品以糊粉类为主,分类混乱、结构单一、科技含量低,与美国、日本、荷兰等国相比还有较大的差距。中国作为世界上人口最多的国家,在人口老龄化加速发展的关键时期,老年食品的研发显得尤为迫切和重要。因此,未来老年食品研究应以老年医学和营养学理论为基础,重点开发营养强化食品和功能性食品,加强食品的感官修饰研究力度,以满足老年人营养和健康的多元化需求,积极应对全球人口老龄化问题。     

不同施肥措施对玉米根际土壤微生物数量及养分含量的影响

通过田间试验,研究了不同施肥措施对根际土壤微生物数量及养分含量的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥显著提高了根际土壤微生物数量。在玉米生育期内土壤细菌和放线菌数量平均数量表现为MNP(有机肥+N+P)>M(有机肥)>NP(N+P)>CK(对照),与CK相比,MNP、M和NP处理细菌数量分别提高了302.82%、183.96%和136.23%,而放线菌数量则分别提高了93.97%%、62.64%和54.28%。土壤真菌平均数量表现为MNP>NP>CK>M,其中MNP和NP分别比CK提高了33.74%和29.08,而M则比CK降低了8.39%。土壤好气性固氮细菌平均数量表现为MNP>NP>M>CK,MNP、M和NP分别比CK提高了55.46%、24.63%和40.87%。(2)在玉米收获期土壤有机质和各营养指标含量均比播种期降低,不同施肥处理土壤有机质含量在播种期和收获期均表现为M>MNP>CK>NP,而土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和速效磷含量在播种期表现为MNP>NP>M>CK,在收获期表现则不尽一致。(3)土壤细菌、放线菌和固氮菌数量均与土壤全氮、全磷和碱解氮含量之间有显著正相关关系(P<0.05),土壤真菌数量与土壤有机质及各养分含量之间相关性较差。     

Impact of Boron Deficiency on Changes in Biochemical Attributes,Yield, and Seed Reserves in Chickpea

To determine the effect of boron (B) deficiency on biomass, reproductive yield, metabolism, and alterations in seed reserves of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ‘13.G‐256,’ plants were grown in refined sand until maturity at deficient (0.033 mg L^?1) and adequate (0.33 mg L^?1) B, supplied as boric acid (H₃BO₃). Boron‐deficient plants exhibited visible deficiency symptoms in addition to reduced number of pods and seeds, resulting in lowered biomass and economic yield. Boron deficiency lowered the concentration of B in leaves and seeds, photosynthetic pigments (leaves), Hill reaction activity, starch (in leaves and seeds), and proteins and protein N (in seeds), whereas phenols, sugars (in leaves and seeds), and nonprotein N (in seeds) were elevated. Specific activity of peroxidase (POX) increased in leaves and pod wall and decreased in seeds, while activity of acid phosphate and ribonuclease were stimulated in leaves, seeds, and pod wall in B‐deficient chickpea.     

Effects of Broomrape Parasitism on Sunflower Plants: Growth,Development, and Mineral Nutrition

Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is a parasitic plant that infects sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. In this work, sunflower plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with the substrate infested or non-infested with broomrape seeds. At different numbers of days after sowing, plant height, internode lengths, number of leaves, head diameter, mineral composition of leaves, and potassium (K) concentration in stem were measured. The negative effects of broomrape parasitism were assessed from 57 d after sowing, when broomrape started to emerge. Parasitized plants exhibited lower shoot dry weight, height, and head diameter than control plants. The reduction in internode lengths was associated with a decrease in the gradient of K concentration from basal to apical stem. The mineral composition of leaves was also affected in parasitized plants. The concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in leaves of parasitized plants were lower than those of the control plants, while there were few differences for K, phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). The effects of parasitism are discussed in relation to their competition for resources and to perturbations of the host physiology such as hormonal and water balance.     

Soil fertility ‐ crop genotype associations and interactions 1

This paper discusses the opportunities to combine the efforts of plant geneticists and soil scientists to develop crop varieties adapted to the existing soil conditions and techniques used for production. Such research should result in improved varieties for the best as well as poorest of soil and production situations.     

Studies on post‐reddening changes in amino acid content leaves of hirsutum cotton and its control with chemicals

The aspartic acid,tyrosine and serine contents of leaves were found reduced in prematurely reddened leaves of hirsutum cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as compared to healthy green leaves. Amino acids other than those listed above were higher in the affected red leaves. Amino acids threonine and proline increased 63.7 and 2.3 fold over green leaves respectively. Chemical sprays not only maintained the levels of various amino acids at par with green leaf but tended to increase the concentration above the levels obtained in normally found green leaf. However, threonine level was dropped in treated leaves as compared to partly affected red leaf and chemical sprays significantly reduced the leaf reddening when it was sprayed before flowering. It can be suggested that the leaf reddening can possibly be arrested by monitoring threonine content in leaves of hirsutum cotton ov. L‐147.     

华北平原典型农区农地细碎化对村级农田林网的影响--以河北省曲周县为例

本研究以河北省曲周县农地细碎化的杏园村、西魏村和农地规模经营的东刘庄村为例,采用实地测量和问卷调查的方法,探明农地细碎化对村级农田防护林的影响及其根源。结果表明,农地细碎化对村级农田林网结构和配置造成破坏。农地细碎化的林网网格增大,主带距是华北平原区推荐值的2.70倍。农地细碎化林网树种单一,配置不合理。杏园村和西魏村约53.8%的干道北侧无林木,干道北侧林带林木数量平均比南侧显著减少60.8%;其紧邻农田行树木密度为0~26株·50m-1,比次邻行的数量显著减少25.8%(P0.05),比东刘庄减少47.3%。据林带面积与林木数量关系的拟合曲线,东刘庄村林木最高密度为23.2株·100m-2,比其余两村高56.5%。多数农户反对田边地头栽树,经营林网技术匮乏。人多地少矛盾是林网毁坏的深层原因,林木胁地是其直接原因,农地细碎化激化了这些矛盾。土地整理规划是解决现状的根本途径,同时不可忽视社会教育和管理。