我国橡实资源的开发利用

我国橡实资源非常丰富 ,有 7属 3 0 0多种 ,分布广泛 .据统计 ,我国约有橡实林 1.3 3× 10 7～ 1.67× 10 7hm2 ,年产橡实 60～ 70亿 kg.橡实营养丰富 ,橡仁含淀粉 5 0 %～ 70 %、可溶性糖 2 %～ 8%、单宁 0 .2 6%～ 17.74%、蛋白质 1.17%～ 8.72 %、油脂1.0 4%～ 6.86%、粗纤维 1.13 %～ 5 .89%、灰分 1.3 0 %～ 3 .40 % ;橡壳也含有大量的色素和单宁等成分 .橡实全身是宝 ,其开发利用的前景十分广阔 .对橡仁、橡壳进行综合利用 ,可以生产出淀粉、色素及一系列副产品 ,利用率将近 10 0 % ,几乎不产生任何污染 .同时还可以将橡实淀粉加工成变性淀粉等系列产品 ,从而提高产品的科技含量和经济价值 .我国橡实资源的开发利用不容乐观 ,存在资源破坏严重等系列问题 .为此 ,提出了旨在充分发挥资源优势、扩大利用规模、提高经济效益的开发利用的对策 .     

广西巨尾桉人工林缺素病症发生原因和防治措施的探讨

通过对广西巨尾桉人工林缺素病症的综合调查与分析表明：广西桉树人工林土壤普遍呈酸性,土壤氮、有机质含量属中等水平,速效钾和有效铜、有效锌含量属于低水平,速效磷和有效硼含量属于极贫水平,在这样的土壤种植桉树人工林易出现缺素病症,特别易表现出缺硼、缺锌、缺钙和缺镁等的综合缺素病症。造成桉树缺素病症发生普遍主要是由于不合理施肥造成的。开展桉树测土配方施肥和营养诊断平衡施肥是有效防治和缓解桉树缺素病症的重要措施之一。     

Resistance against oxidative stress in leaves of young beech trees grown in model ecosystems with different soil qualities, elevated CO2, and lachnid infestation

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the resistance of beech foliage(Fagus sylvatica) against oxidative stress was affected by soil quality, nitrogen or CO₂ fertilisation, or lachnid infestation(Phyllaphis fagi). For this purpose young beech trees were grown for four years in reconstructed calcareous or acidic forest soils in open top chambers under ambient or elevated CO₂ concentrations with two levels of nitrogen fertilisation. At harvest lachnid colonisation was observed, preferentially on leaves from trees in calcareous soil and on leaves from trees fertilised with the high nitrogen level. General leaf characteristics such as pigment concentrations, dry mass, and leaf mass ber area were not affected by the soil type, nitrogen fertilisation or CO₂ regime. Leaves colonised with lachnids displayed slightly increased leaf mass per area. When the stress resistance was challenged by exposure to paraquat — a herbicide inducing oxidative stress — leaves from trees grown on calcareous soil maintained significantly longer membrane integrity and, thus, were better protected against stress than leaves from trees on acidic soil. Other experimental variables had negligible or no effects on the resistance against oxidative stress.      

鲜食山楂新品种选育研究报告

在山楂资源调查的基础上 ,从 37份品种 (品系 )中 ,经 10多年的栽培调查试验 ,选育出具鲜食特色的山楂新品种甜红子、面红子和毛红子。 3个品种的可溶性糖含量均超过 10 % ,糖酸比值大 ,营养丰富 ,鲜食甜酸适口、香味浓郁、风味极佳 ,是我国稀有的适于鲜食的山楂珍品。同时对其生物学特性、栽培丰产性能进行了观察研究 ,并对果实主要营养成分进行了测定分析     

施用磷肥对杉木幼林土壤养分和磷组分的影响

杉木［Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．］人工林土壤立地大多供Ｐ不足,杉木幼林施用磷肥肥效显著。李贻铨等认为施Ｐ、Ｋ肥能促进杉木幼林生长［１,２］;叶仲节认为幼林施Ｐ肥初期有效,施Ｎ无效,施Ｋ还会出现负效应［３］。作...     

黑枣苗氮磷营养及经济施肥的研究

试验采用苗床施肥，结果表明，肥料用量适宜促进营养元素吸收利用，７～８月份苗木叶片含氮量３．５％～４．０％、含磷量０．２％～０．３％、含钾量１．０％或稍高时，苗木生长良好。在该试验条件下，施Ｐ２Ｏ５１２０ｋｇ／ｈａ、施纯氮１８０ｋｇ／ｈａ左右，幼苗产量、质量及施肥利润均达到较高水平。     

马尾松林间伐前后养分动态的研究

根据定位观测数据，对马尾松人工中龄林间伐前后的养分变化状况进行了分析研究．结果表明，通过间伐，林木各器官的养分含量均发生了明显的变化．林分养分的积累量，随着林分生物量的变化而变化．间伐以前，主要营养元素在树冠生物量中积压最多．间伐以后，主要营养元素在树干生物量中积累最多。说明间伐可以增加树干的干物质积累，对提高林木产量具有重要意义．     

杉木连栽幼林生长量、营养元素和土壤肥力的比较

结果表明：杉木连栽引起林地肥力减退，土壤地力衰退程度与前茬林生长周期有关。头茬杉木林周期短（14a）的二耕土上连栽的杉木长势较好，头茬杉木林周期长（24a）的二耕土上连栽的杉木幼树长势极差。林地施肥后并没有促进杉木幼树恢复生长。原因在于杉木幼树根系受到土壤中有毒物质毒害，根系腐烂，不能从土壤中吸收养分。建议采取生物工程措施解决杉木连裁地力减退问题。     

铅胁迫下菲白竹的矿质营养吸收和分配

随着矿产、化工、冶金等工业排放的"三废"剧增以及汽车尾气排放量的增加,人类生存环境中的土壤、水体以及空气受重金属污染现象日趋严重,有些重金属通过食物链在人体内蓄积,严重危害人体健康(Kambhampati et al.,2003).铅是一种常见的重金属,全球每年消耗量约为400万t,但仅有1/4得到回收利用,其余大部分都以不同形式进入环境引起污染(李建正,2006).     

A biologically-consistent stand growth model for loblolly pine in the Piedmont physiographic region, USA

A theory-influenced dynamical stand growth model formulation described well the behavior of thinned and unthinned loblolly pine plantations. A simplification containing few free parameters performed as well as a fully parametrized version. It seems particularly well suited to situations where available data is scarce. The stand model can be interfaced to additional climate, nutrition and carbon cycling modules for studying the effects of a changing environment.