Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.     

泰和乌鸡肉营养成分特征分析

泰和乌鸡因其药食同源而闻名天下,为探讨泰和乌鸡营养成分在性别之间和与其他鸡种间的差别与优势,测试分析了乌鸡的公鸡-阉鸡-母鸡之间、林下散养-笼养之间和散养乌鸡-散养小黄鸡之间鸡肉中营养成分的区别,结果表明:林下散养乌鸡具有高氨基酸、适中蛋白质和低脂肪特征,乌鸡肉中富含硒和锌、铁、锰等微量元素,不饱和脂肪酸含量高于饱和脂肪酸;呈味氨基酸含量公鸡高于母鸡,乌鸡高于小黄鸡。     

胃肠宁对脾虚大鼠胃肠激素和炎性细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨胃肠宁对脾虚证动物胃肠激素和炎性细胞因子的影响。方法:采用苦寒泻下法复制大鼠脾虚证模型,研究胃肠宁对脾虚大鼠血清中IL-10、IL-1β及回肠始段SP、VIP含量的影响。结果:脾虚证大鼠血清中IL-10水平显著降低(P<0.05),IL-1β水平显著升高(P<0.05),胃肠宁能在一定程度上恢复IL-10和IL-1β含量,但与自然康复组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);脾虚证大鼠回肠始段SP含量显著升高(P<0.05),VIP含量显著降低(P<0.05),胃肠宁能显著恢复脾虚大鼠回肠始段SP和VIP含量(P>0.05)。结论:胃肠宁对脾虚证具有较好的治疗作用,其作用机制主要是能显著改善脾虚大鼠回肠始段SP和VIP水平。     

中国荷斯坦牛凝血因子XI缺陷症遗传分析

凝血因子XI缺陷症（FactorXIdenciency）是荷斯坦牛的一种常染色体单基因控制的隐性遗传缺陷。该病的遗传基础是由位于牛第27号染色体的凝血因子XI基因外显子12上发生的一段76bp序列插入。本研究采用PCR方法对我国13个主要公牛站的571头荷斯坦公牛的凝血因子XI基因进行了全面检测,未发现隐性有害基因携带者和纯合个体。     

南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%,极显著低于正常植株0.328%;黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5,诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果,叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次,可以叶色转绿;12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg,翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

Growth,Meat Yield,and Economic Responses of Broilers Provided Three- and Four-Phase Schedules Formulated to Moderate and High Nutrient Density During a Fifty-Six-Day Production Period

This study examined growth responses and meat yield of broilers provided a 3- or 4-phase feeding schedule formulated to moderate or high nutrient density. Four dietary treatments were implemented consisting of high or moderate nutrient density diets that were provided for the duration of 3 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, and 36 to 56 d) or 4 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d).Provision of a 3-phase schedule did not alter growth performance, meat yield, or diet cost per final BW. Broilers receiving high nutrient diets had improved growth rate and feed conversion from 1 to 35 d. In the 3-phase schedule, birds given the high nutrient density diets had advantages in BW gain and pectoralis minor breast weight. Market changes in meat prices impact differences in gross feeding margins between diets formulated to high or moderate nutrient density more than variation in diet cost.     

奶牛产后气虚血瘀证与血浆SOD、MDA变化的关系

选用产后健康奶牛18例和产后气虚血瘀证奶牛9例，于产后1、2、4、7、10、15、30d采血分离血浆，黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果，血浆SOD活性组内比较产后健康组整个检测期在一定范围内波动，差显不显著(P>0.05)；气虚血瘀证组产后15、30d极显著高于产后1、2d(P<0.01)，显著高于产后4d(P<0.05)；产后7、10d显著高于产后1、2d(P<0.05)。组间比较气虚血瘀证组产后1、2、4d显著低于同时间产后健康组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。血浆MDA含量组内比较产后健康组整个检测期在一定范围内波动，差异不显著(P>0.05)；气虚血瘀证组产后1d极显著高于产后10、15、30d(P<0.01)，显著高于7d(P<0.05)；产后1、2、4、7d显著高于产后15、30d(P<0.05)。组间比较气虚血瘀证组产后1、2、4、7d极显著高于同时间产后健康组(P<0.01)。结果初步表明，SOD、MDA的变化参与了产后气虚血瘀证的发生、发展与转归过程。     

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and fecal microbial composition of weaned pigs fed multi-enzyme supplemented diets

A study determined the effects of supplementing corn-based diets for weaned pigs with multi-enzymes on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, fecal score, and fecal microbial composition. A total of 132 pigs (initial body weight = 7.23 kg) that had been weaned at 21 d of age and fed a drug-free nursery diet for 7 d were housed in 33 pens of 4 barrows or gilts, blocked by body weight and gender, and fed 3 experimental diets at 11 pens per diet. The diets were corn-based diet without or with multi-enzyme A or B. Multi-enzyme A supplied 4,000 U of xylanase, 150 U of β-glucanase, 3,500 U of protease, and 1,500 U of amylase per kilogram of diet. Multi-enzyme B was the same as multi-enzyme A except that it supplied amylase at 150 U/kg, and that its source of amylase was different from that of multi-enzyme A. All diets contained phytase at 1,000 U/kg. The diets were fed for 35 d in 2 phases; phase 1 for the first 14 d and phase 2 for the last 21 d of the trial. Fecal score was determined daily during the first 7 d of the trial. Fecal samples were collected from rectum of 1 pig per pen on days 2, 7, 14, and 35 of the trial for determining bacterial composition. Also, fresh fecal samples were collected from each pen on days 41 and 42 to determine ATTD of nutrients. Multi-enzyme B increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) for phases 1 and 2. For the overall study period, multi-enzyme B increased (P < 0.05) ADG from 262 to 313 g, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) from 419 to 504 g. Multi-enzyme A increased (P < 0.05) overall ADG from 262 to 290 g, but did not affect ADFI. Multi-enzyme A or B did not affect ATTD of gross energy, but increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of ether extract from 30% to 36% or 37%, respectively. Multi-enzyme A did not affect fecal score; however, multi-enzyme B tended to decrease (P = 0.09) fecal score, implying that it tended to decrease diarrhea. Firmicutes were the most abundant phylum of fecal bacteria (its relative abundance ranged from 58% to 72%). Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the 2nd and 3rd most abundant phyla of fecal bacteria. Neither multi-enzyme affected fecal bacterial composition. In conclusion, the addition of multi-enzyme A or B to phytase-supplemented corn-based diet for weaned pigs can improve their growth performance and fat digestibility. However, multi-enzyme B was more effective than multi-enzyme A in terms of improving the growth performance of weaned pigs fed corn-based diet.     

枯草芽孢杆菌铜对先天性缺铜大鼠生长发育、器官指数、铜沉积量、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌铜对先天性缺铜大鼠生长发育、器官指数、铜沉积量、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。试验分为模型期和干预试验期。模型期选取怀孕10 d的SD大鼠72只,平均分为模型组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。模型组大鼠孕期饲喂缺铜饲粮(铜含量为0.33 mg/kg),对照组大鼠孕期饲喂正常饲粮(在缺铜饲粮基础上添加6.0 mg/kg五水硫酸铜),持续到哺乳期结束,验证建模是否成功。干预试验期选择24日建模成功的缺铜幼龄大鼠108只,随机分成6个试验组,Ⅰ～Ⅲ组为硫酸铜组(缺铜饲粮基础上分别添加3.0、6.0和9.0 mg/kg五水硫酸铜),Ⅳ～Ⅵ组为枯草芽孢杆菌铜组(缺铜饲粮基础上分别添加3.0、6.0和9.0 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌铜),每个组3个重复,每个重复6只。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)在铜添加量相同条件下,Ⅳ组体重和血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅳ组血清谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶(AST/ALT)显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅴ组血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著或极显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅴ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。Ⅵ组血清AKP活性和肾脏中铜沉积量显著或极显高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)在硫酸铜组中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组体重、体长显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清CP活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅲ组血清AKP活性显著高于Ⅱ组(P <0.05),Ⅲ组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、GSH-Px和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活性及肾脏中铜沉积量显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅲ组血清M DA含量极显著低于Ⅰ组(P <0.01)。在枯草芽孢杆菌铜组中,Ⅵ组体重、体长,血清AST、GSH-Px和CuZn-SOD活性,心脏、肝脏、肾脏中铜沉积量显著或极显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅵ组血清CP和AKP活性显著或极显著高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P <0.05或P <0.01)。由此可见,枯草芽孢杆菌铜能提高先天性缺铜大鼠体重,血清CP、AKP、ALT活性,提高机体抗氧化能力,增加肝脏、肾脏中铜沉积量,效果优于硫酸铜,且降低了饲粮中铜添加量。     

蛋鸡磷缺乏症治疗措施的研究

试验一,选择75羽1日龄健康的罗曼商品蛋鸡,随机分成2个组,第一组20羽,第二组55羽,每个组设2个重复,分别饲喂含有0.4%和0.11%有效磷的日粮.试验至30d,低磷组受试鸡胸骨弯曲发生率达52%,增重显著降低(P＜0.05),确认为雏鸡患有磷缺乏症.试验二,选48羽患磷缺乏症的商品蛋鸡,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂含0.11%有效磷、0.4%有效磷、0.4%有效磷+500IU/kg维生素D3、0.6%有效磷的日粮.试验20d,结果显示:第一组增重、耗料量显著低于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05);第一组胸骨弯曲、胸部囊肿发生率显著高于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05);第一组血浆、全血、胫骨钙、磷显著低于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05).3个治疗组之间没有明显的差别,表明当雏鸡患有磷缺乏症时,日粮中添加有效磷至0.4%,即可获得良好的疗效.