中国荷斯坦种公牛BLAD遗传缺陷的分子检测及系谱分析

本试验运用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链式反应（RFLP-PCR）方法,检测我国荷斯坦种公牛白细胞粘附缺陷（bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency,BLAD）基因的携带频率。共检测了来自全国14个公牛站的587头种公牛,发现BLAD携带者8头,携带率为1.36%。对现有公牛系谱信息分析显示,携带者公牛来自美国、加拿大和中国,其中6头携带者公牛可以追溯到共同祖先Osborndale Ivanhoe。此外,本研究还对我国荷斯坦牛遗传缺陷的控制和携带者公牛的利用提出建议。     

Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs

Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) metabolism are increasingly recognized in small animal medicine and have a variety of causes ranging from chronic gastrointestinal disease to hereditary defects in cobalamin metabolism. Measurement of serum cobalamin concentration, often in combination with serum folate concentration, is routinely performed as a diagnostic test in clinical practice. While the detection of hypocobalaminemia has therapeutic implications, interpretation of cobalamin status in dogs can be challenging. The aim of this review is to define hypocobalaminemia and cobalamin deficiency, normocobalaminemia, and hypercobalaminemia in dogs, describe known cobalamin deficiency states, breed predispositions in dogs, discuss the different biomarkers of importance for evaluating cobalamin status in dogs, and discuss the management of dogs with hypocobalaminemia.     

复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为研究复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响,试验选择健康、体重相近的杜寒杂交肉羊60只随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只,1组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5％、5.0％、10％的复合双歧杆菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期56 d.结果表明:(1)试验3...     

玉米类型和籽粒成熟期影响秸秆营养成分与活体外消化率的比较研究

本试验以两个高油玉米品种(HOC298和HOC647)、两个普通玉米品种(CAU80和CAU3138)和一个饲料专用玉米品种(FC3)为试验材料,分析比较不同类型玉米和籽粒成熟期(1/2、3/4和4/4乳线期)对玉米秸秆主要营养成分含量和干物质、纤维组分消化率的影响。结果表明:高油玉米秸秆的水溶性糖、淀粉、粗脂肪含量和干物质、N DF、ADF消化率明显高于普通玉米秸秆P(<0.01),而NDFA、DF和木质素含量则低于普通玉米秸秆P(<0.01),饲料专用玉米秸秆的上述指标则介于二者之间。随籽粒成熟度的提高,高油玉米秸秆水溶性糖、淀粉、粗脂肪含量和干物质、NDF消化率呈直线规律提高L(P;<0.01),而NDF、ADF和木质素含量则直线规律下降L(;P<0.001),其中,4/4乳线期的水溶性糖、淀粉含量和干物质消化率分别比l/2乳线期提高26.5倍、2.4倍和22.7%,而NDF、ADF和木质素分别比1/2乳线期减少24.1%、30.6%和38.4%。随籽粒成熟期的延长,普通玉米品种秸秆的水溶性糖、淀粉含量和干物质NDF消化率直线下降L(;P<0.01),而NDF、ADF和木质素含量直线提高L(P;<0.05)。饲料专用玉米秸秆的营养成分和活体外消化率指标介于高油和普通玉米秸秆之间。本试验结果表明,高油玉米秸秆具有营养物质含量高和消化率高的特点,是反刍动物理想的粗饲料和青贮饲料原料。     

Increasing selenium supply during the close-up dry period improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates inflammatory response after calving in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether feeding selenium (Se)-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy affects nutrient metabolism and inflammatory response during the periparturient period. Twenty cows were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 cows each. Cows in one group received Se-yeast at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM during the last 4 weeks before calving in addition to fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Se-yeast), while cows in another group were only fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Control). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin. In control cows, plasma NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp levels increased after calving, but glucose, insulin, and albumin levels decreased after parturition. Se-yeast supplemental cows had lower postpartum concentrations of NEFA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp, and higher postpartum levels of glucose, insulin, and albumin compared with control cows. The results indicate that feeding Se-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates the inflammatory response after calving.     

新疆北部绢蒿荒漠水源圈土壤养分的梯度变化

由于干旱缺水,新疆北部绢蒿（Seriphidium）荒漠形成以饮水点为中心的定居放牧,导致水源圈大量出现。2014年5月底,以新疆木垒县天山北坡绢蒿荒漠一个典型的牧场水源点为中心,采集了东南西北4个方向和6个采样距离（50 m,100 m,200 m,400 m,800 m和1200 m）的土样,分析了土壤含水率、电导率、pH值以及土壤有机碳、土壤全量和速效养分变化特征。结果表明,随着离水源点距离的增加,土壤含水量、全钾和速效钾没有明显变化,土壤电导率、pH值、土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮和速效磷的含量随着离水源点距离的增加而增加,说明放牧扰动强度的增加降低了土壤有机碳和土壤养分含量。结果说明,在新疆北部涓蒿荒漠,过度放牧导致水源点附近土壤养分明显减少,甚至枯竭。     

微生态营养素对鱼苗池浮游生物的影响

通过在鱼苗培育过程中使用微生态营养素和传统养殖模式进行对比,分析测定养殖环境中的浮游生物种类、数量和生物量以及透明度等理化因子,研究微生态营养素在苗种培育中的使用效果。研究结果表明:微生态营养素能有效促进浮游生物的生长,施放微生态营养素的水体中鱼类喜食且易消化的浮游植物及浮游动物的种类和数量显著增加,总生物量提高了20%~58%,水体透明度降低了30%～52%,培育出来的苗种,较常规培育的个体更大、成活率更高。     

Barium selenate as a slow-release selenium preparation to pigs

Pregnant sows were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with a barium selenate suspension (0.5–1.0 mg Se/kg body weight (b.w.)) and together with control animals fed a commercial diet. No response to the injection was seen either in blood selenium levels or in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the sows. There was, however, a significant difference in these parameters between piglets born from treated dams and control animals. This status was maintained during the nursing period. In another experiment pigs (20 kg b.w.) on a Se-deficient diet were injected s.c. and i.m. with barium selenate (2.5 mg Se/kg b.w.). The treated groups maintained their blood levels of selenium and GSH-Px activity, although the selenium values in the group treated intramuscularly started to decline after 4 weeks. Organ samples from both groups were equal with regard to selenium at the time of slaughter while the control group showed a rapid decline both in blood selenium levels and GHS-Px activity.     

日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒对肉牛营养物质代谢的影响

选用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛(体重为420kg、年龄2.5岁),采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆作为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持需要水平下,日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒(0、0.3、0.6、0.9mg/kg,以干物质为基础)对营养物质代谢的影响。结果表明:0.3和0.6mg/kg组日粮OM、CP、EE、NFE、NDF、ADF表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6和0.9mg/kg组DN、RN和RN/DN显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组与对照组相比Se、Ca、P、Cu、Fe、Mn的存留率显著提高,Zn、Mo和S的存留率无显著差异;0.6mg/kg组血清TG、GLU、ALB、TP、ALT、AST、SOD、GSH-px、GSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组血清Se、Cu含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。