太阳辐射作用下浮顶油罐温度场的数值模拟

为了研究太阳辐射对浮顶油罐温度场的影响,有必要掌握受太阳辐射影响原油在浮顶油罐中的温度变化规律.通过分析浮顶油罐与环境换热过程,建立2×104 m3 浮顶油罐的三维模型,对一天内浮顶油罐油品及罐壁的温度变化进行数值模拟.结果表明:在以太阳辐射为主的环境变化影响下,浮顶油罐的近壁面和浮盘处会产生温度梯度较大的高温油层,深...     

隔板长度对紧凑型高速磁力泵水力特性及叶轮径向力的影响

为探究蜗壳内隔板长度对紧凑型高速磁力泵外特性与叶轮径向力的影响,根据蜗壳型式及隔板长度的不同提出6种蜗壳方案.设单蜗壳为方案一,其余双蜗壳方案根据隔板长度从小到大依次设为方案二至方案六.采用ANSYS-CFX软件对不同工况下(0.8Q_d,1.0Q_d,1.2Q_d)各蜗壳方案泵内流场进行数值模拟,得到不同蜗壳方案的泵中心面静压分布云图,并进行径向力分析.采用方案四蜗壳作为泵实型样机进行试验,将试验值与计算结果进行对比.研究结果表明:相较于无隔板的单蜗壳泵,采用有隔板的双蜗壳泵有利于平衡叶轮径向力,在额定流量下单蜗壳在x,y方向的径向力最大分量分别为151.2,149.7 N,是双蜗壳方案四的1.5倍;随着隔板长度的增大,泵的扬程与效率均逐渐提高,叶轮径向力不断减小,3种工况下扬程的模拟值与试验值偏差均小于3.0%;试验表明数值计算结果具有可信性,研究结果可为紧凑型高速磁力泵在提高水力性能以及平衡叶轮径向力方面提供一定参考.     

大网目底拖网在稳定流场中的数值模拟

通过有限单元法构建大网目底拖网渔具的数学模型,以计算在定常流条件下底拖网渔具的受力情况、网口扩张和渔具的形态变化.为了提高计算效率,提出了适用于拖网的网目群化方法.群化后的拖网模型为单元数6513的model-1模型和单元数1787的model-2模型两种规格,分别进行数值计算,并与水槽物理模型试验结果进行比较.结果表...     

鸡粪高效降解微生物菌剂富集培养新法

以新鲜鸡粪为主要培养基,自然腐熟鸡粪(处理1),菌剂腐熟鸡粪和土壤(处理2),菌剂腐熟鸡粪(处理3)为富集样品连续5批堆肥驯化培养,使微生物菌群经历不同的生长环境,达到优胜劣汰的效果。处理1在5批富集培养中较处理2和处理3有较好的堆肥效果,说明其中有降解性能好的优势菌群,将其筛选出扩大培养,再回接到新鲜鸡粪中,将会快速、有效地降解新鲜鸡粪,达到良好的堆肥效果。     

具时滞能源价格模型的动力学性质

以滞量τ为分支参数,研究了具时滞的能源价格模型的动力学行为,这些行为包括：系统在平衡点附近的稳定性,局部Hopf分支的存在性,发生条件Hopf分支的方向,分支周期解的稳定性以及分支随参数变化其周期解的周期变化.最后通过数值模拟验证了理论分析结果,并用分支理论解释了能源价格模型产生且维持周期振荡的原因.     

Response of Rice Seedlings to Copper Toxicity and Acidity

Metal toxicity and soil acidity affect plant growth. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to simulate effects of pH and copper concentration [Cu] on early growth and biomass production of high-yielding rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘NIAB 6’). The rice seedlings were allowed to grow in Yoshida nutrient solution with 1 (control), 8, 16, and 32 μM Cu at buffered pH levels of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, respectively. Shoot and root growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and root lipid peroxidation and K⁺ leakage of 15-day-old rice seedlings were determined. Results show that [Cu] had significant adverse effects on rice seedlings. Shoot height and root length were reduced by 18%–60% and 7%–69%, respectively, compared with the control, and shoot and root weight decreased by 26%–56%, and 25%, respectively, in response to progressive increases in [Cu]. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content decreased by 150%–245% compared with the control treatment. Rice seedling roots suffered from significant increases in lipid peroxidation followed by K⁺ leakage (> 8–23 times) in response to increasing [Cu]. Averaged across [Cu], seedling growth and biomass were greater at pH 5.5 than at other pH treatments. In some instances, increasing pH minimized the adverse effects of Cu at low concentrations on rice seedlings.     

Influence of Nitrate:Ammonium Ratios on Growth and Elemental Concentration in Two Azalea Cultivars

Abstract

Rooted cuttings of Rhododendron canescens “Brook” and Rhododendron austrinum were grown in sand culture with a modified Hoagland's solution under greenhouse conditions. The effect of varying ammonium:nitrate (NO₃ ^?:NH₄ ⁺) ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) on growth, chlorophyll content, plant quality, and elemental tissue concentration were determined. With NO₃ ^? as the nitrogen (N) form, both azalea cultivars exhibited less vegetative growth, lower overall plant quality, with leaves showing visual chlorotic symptoms in comparison to plants receiving NH₄ ⁺ as the N‐form. Leachate pH was highest with NO₃ ^? as the predominate N‐form and decreased significantly with each increment of NH₄ ⁺. With both azalea cultivars, N‐form significantly influenced uptake and utilization of essential plant nutrients. Leaf concentrations of N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) were highest with NO₃ ^?‐N. Leaf elemental concentrations of phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) increased as NH₄ ⁺ supplied more of the N‐ratio. Significant differences in Mg, Mn, and Zn were observed between species. Results from this study show that foliar N concentration is not an accurate indicator of plant growth response. Further investigations are needed to determine if foliarchlorosis and low growth rates observed with NO₃ ^? fed plants due to an Fe deficiency, to low nitrate reductase (NR) activity in the leaves, or to a combination of these factors.     

竖壁贴附送风改善冷藏库内流场特性

果蔬贮藏期间,冷藏库内的气流分布是影响果蔬贮藏品质和送风能量利用率的关键因素,合理的气流组织对冷藏库内流场分布是至关重要的。该研究以某苹果冷藏库为研究对象,采用竖壁贴附送风方式,并对其流场建立了三维稳态的SST湍流模型来研究库内流场的分布特性以及货物的冷却效果,同时与传统的冷风机直吹送风的流场特性进行了对比。结果表明：在相同送风量下,相比冷风机直吹送风方式,竖壁贴附送风使得库内温度不均匀系数和速度不均匀系数分别降低了31%和47%。而且竖壁贴附送风使库内空气与货物的换热更加充分,进而使得送风的能量利用率提高了19%。因此,竖壁贴附送风方式应用于冷藏库是一种有效且节能的气流组织方式。     

基于膨胀比的自由活塞发动机理想热力循环分析

为提高传统发动机的热效率,降低燃料消耗成本,减少尾气排放,该文建立了基于增压中冷和Atkinson循环的四冲程自由活塞发动机理想热力循环模型,着重分析了膨胀比对自由活塞发动机热力过程的影响,提出了膨胀极限的概念,通过数值模拟方法对膨胀比与发动机热效率关系进行了仿真研究和试验验证,结果表明,通过增大膨胀比可使发动机的热效率提高10%;膨胀终了温度降低500K以上。研究结果可为自由活塞发动机在混合动力车辆上的应用提供参考。     

弧底梯形渠道无喉道量水槽水位流量关系数值模拟

目前为适应我国多数渠道断面方式和灌区管理方式,开发研制新型量水配套设施对灌区节水起着至关重要的作用。利用Fluent 6.3大型流体力学数值仿真软件,结合有限体积法、RNG k-ε湍流模型和VOF模型,在不同渠道底坡上对不同量水槽水位流量进行数值模拟试验研究。结果表明:（1）量水槽流态上游水面平稳属于缓流,量水槽槽内水流为急流,可知由缓流过度到急流必然会发生临界流,量水槽沿程弗劳德数可知量水槽喉口附近扩散段内产生临界流;（2）弧底梯形渠道无喉道量水槽具有较好的水位流量关系,渠道收缩比ε与渠道比降i对形成单值稳定的水位流量关系有较大的影响,随着渠道尺寸增大同时收缩比ε减小,量水槽水位流量逐渐在较大的底坡范围内形成统一的水位流量关系。（3）流量系数与量水槽宽和收缩比具有较好的线性关系,同时流量系数随R,H、ε的增大而变大,回归分析建立的量水槽流量公式,测流公式平均误差值小于5%,说明弧底梯形渠道无喉道量水槽测流是可行的,满足明渠测流要求。研究成果对灌区渠道量水槽的设计优化提供了一定的参考和建议。