离心泵叶片参数对磨损规律影响的试验研究

针对离心泵过流件磨损问题，进行了叶片几何参数对磨损影响的试验研究。并就固－液两相流泵的叶片参数选择提出了见解。     

水稻"淹灌-露田"灌溉模式试验研究

在总结水稻传统淹水灌溉方式及现行节水灌溉方式的基础上，研究提出了水稻“淹灌－露田”灌溉模式，该模式具有减少灌水次数，减轻灌溉管理的劳动强度，减少斗农渠的输水时间从而提高输水效率，并可提高降雨利用率等优点，介绍了该灌溉模式的基本依据、技术要点及在湖北省宜昌市东风渠管理处灌溉试验站的试验情况，并根据2000－2001年的试验资料，对该灌溉模式的灌溉效果进行了分析。     

群井开采条件下承压含水层渗流动态模拟

根据有限差分方法 ,编制了承压含水层渗流模拟软件。对某水源地在群井开采情况下地下水渗流动态进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示 ,位于高渗区的井 ,压降漏斗较其它井大 ,压力下降快。当地层中存在裂隙时 ,平行裂隙方向压力下降比垂直裂隙方向要快得多。抽水初期 ,地层压力下降很快 ,以后 ,压力下降逐渐变缓 ,位于低渗透区的井逐渐不能满足流量要求。因此做好地下水资源规划十分重要     

渠道边坡粘性土渗透系数的变化规律

就单向渗透固结过程中渗透系数的变化规律进行了探讨,通过对试验所测得的指标进行统计分析,得出了渗透系数k随孔隙比e变化的关系式,并对其精度进行分析。该关系式为水工建筑设计与施工提供了可参考的依据。     

徐州地区日光温室保温性能的试验研究

分析了徐州地区冬季日光温室小气候的变化规律。针对当地日光温室冬季保温性能不理想的现状，从光照条件和温度条件两方面进行分析，对温室自身造成的保温性能不理想提出了改进意见，并在现有温室结构的基础上，通过选择最佳的揭盖帘时间，来提高冬季日光温室的保温性能。揭盖帘对比试验表明，揭盖帘时间选取恰当对室内温度影响较大，可以提高温室的保温性能。     

暴雨冲击下之坡地破坏及保护

以试验方法,探讨暴雨作用下于不同坡度时,对坡地破坏及保护方式之研究。保护方式分为４类：地下排水、支排水、干砌卵石及浆砌卵石、试验中观测地下水之变化,量测流失之土方、排水量,以及最后破坏之断面,并进行边坡稳定分析,试验结果指出：（１）压实度较小、渗透性较佳之土壤,因地下水渗透,在坡脚产生瞬间坍方。（２）压实度较大,渗透笥较差之土壤,将产生地表径流冲蚀,若无排水或坡地保护措施,将发展成严重的径流冲蚀,     

Influence of long-term fertilization with farmyard manure on soil organic matter: Characteristics of particle-size fractions

Summary The influence of more than 100 years of fertilization with farmyard manure on soil organic matter in comparison to unfertilized soil was studied in particle-size fractions using elemental (C and N) analyses and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Distinct differences in C and N concentrations and distribution and in the quality of organic matter between the size fractions and the fertilization treatments were observed. Clay-associated C and N were relatively higher in the unfertilized treatment, whereas the application of farmyard manure preferentially increased soil organic matter associated with the fine and medium silt fractions. Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry of soil fractions <20 m showed increasing values for lignin monomers and dimers and fatty acids with larger equivalent diameters, whereas the proportion of N compounds, mono- and polysaccharides and phenolics decreased in the larger size fractions. Sand fractions were particularly rich in lignin fragments, mono- and polysaccharides, and alkanes/alkenes. These relationships seemed to be independent of management practices. In the same size fractions of the different treatments, however, a higher relative abundance of N-compounds, mono- and polysaccharides, phenolics, lignin monomers, and alkanes/alkenes was observed in the unfertilized variant. Lignin dimers and fatty acids were more abundant in the farmyard manure treatment. Both trends together imply that soil enrichment in organic matter due to the application of farmyard manure largely reflects an increase in lignin building blocks and partly reflects an increase in lipids such as fatty acids in the silt fractions. Therefore these constituents are of particular importance in assessing the positive effects of farmyard manure on soil fertility.     

Phytoextraction of Cd and Zn with Salix viminalis in field trials

Abstract. Use of high biomass crops such as the willow Salix viminalis to extract metals for soil remediation has been proposed as an alternative to the low biomass-producing hyperaccumulating plants. High yields compensate for the moderate heavy-metal concentrations in the shoots of such species. We report the first long-term trials using Salix viminalis to extract heavy metals from two contaminated soils, one calcareous (5 years) and one acidic (2 years). Total metals extracted by the plants were 170 g Cd ha⁻¹ and 13.4 kg Zn ha⁻¹ from the calcareous soil after 5 years, and 47 g Cd ha⁻¹ and 14.5 kg Zn ha⁻¹ from the acidic soil after 2 years; in the first year outputs were negligible. After 2 years, Salix had performed better on the acidic soil because of larger biomass production and higher metal concentrations in shoots. Addition of elemental sulphur to the soil did not yield any additional benefit in the long term, but application of an Fe chelate improved the biomass production. Cd and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in leaves than stems, highlighting the necessity to collect leaves as well as shoots. On both soils, concentration in shoots decreased with time, indicating a decrease in extraction efficiency.     

槐花中黄酮类物质提取工艺的研究

该文研究了水提法、传统的醇回流法提取槐花总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺,并使用正交试验确定了最佳提取条件。试验结果表明:槐花中总黄酮类物质的最佳提取条件为B2C3A2,即用2倍量40%的乙醇连续回流提取3次(每次2h)     

地下滴灌土壤水运动和溶质运移的数学模型及验证

以非饱和土壤水运动理论和多孔介质中溶质运移的对流－弥散理论为基础，建立了地下滴灌条件下描述地埋点源土壤水运动和溶质运移的数学模型。模型中对滴头边界进行了简化，并对其可行性进行了检验。模拟计算结果得到室内试验资料验证。该模型可用来描述地下滴灌土壤水、肥运动和分布规律，以便为地下滴灌系统的合理设计提供理论依据。