雏鸡投射向圆核的SP/IPS核细胞形态研究

顶盖前下核/顶盖前间下核(Nucleus subpre-tectalis/nucleus interstito-pretectalis-subpretectalis,SP/IPS核)向圆核的投射是鸟类视觉信息传导通路的一个重要组成部分。本试验使用羰花青荧光染料DiI逆向神经标记技术研究了这些投射向圆核的SP/IPS细胞(S细胞)的形态特征。根据树突的数量及分枝情况,标记出的S细胞可分为Ⅰ型细胞和Ⅱ型细胞,然后根据次级树突的数量又分别将这2种细胞分为简单型和复杂型2种。形态学测量表明,Ⅰ型细胞的胞体大小、面积均小于Ⅱ型细胞,其数目也略少。     

Changes of myocardial nuclear membrane Ca2+-ATPase function in ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM: The changes of myocardial nuclear membrane Ca²⁺ -ATPase function was investigated in ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: The model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was established in rats. Myocardial nuclei were purified with sucrose density centrifugation, the activity of Ca²⁺ -ATPase was measured and calcium uptake was assayed with [⁴⁵ Ca²⁺ ] . RESULTS: Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free fatty acid (FFA) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury increased significantly( P<0.01 vs control). Ca²⁺ -ATPase activity and [⁴⁵ Ca²⁺ ] uptake was lower than normal at below 10 μmol/L, while higher at 50 μmol/L. CONCLUSION:These data indicate dysfunction of nuclear menbrane calcium pump and [⁴⁵ Ca²⁺ ] uptake function in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

疑核在针刺“足三里”调节机体细胞免疫中的作用

实验用3～4月龄健康家兔(体重2.0～2.5kg)15只。实验组兔经麻醉后固定于大脑立体定位仪上,于A P20-21、L1-1.5处埋置套管(H20-21),以微量注射器注入2%盐酸利多卡因0.5μL 阻断单侧疑核;对照组兔疑核未被阻断,其他处置同实验组。所有动物均电针“足三里”穴0.5 h,并于电针前和电针后即刻及0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 h采血测定PHA诱导的淋巴细胞转化率、T细胞百分率及E-玫瑰花环形成率。结果,实验组兔的上述免疫指标在电针前,后无明显差异,而对照兔电针后的免疫指标显著高于电针前。由此认为,电针“足三里”穴可能通过神经-内分泌-免疫网络调节细胞免疫,而疑核是该调节环路中的一个重要的中继核团。     

地方鸡种保种核心群禽白血病净化研究

研究在2012~2016年间对原种场A、B、C和D4个地方鸡种保种核心群开展了禽白血病净化,通过新建净化鸡舍,采用严格净化技术方案,在强化饲养管理的基础上,经过2~3个世代净化,各品种鸡群取得了显著净化效果。A鸡种经过3个世代净化,25~27周龄蛋清p27抗原阳性率由26.4%降至0.3%,36~40周龄血浆病毒分离阳性率由36.4%降至0.4%,种公鸡病毒分离阳性率连续2个世代均为零;B鸡种经过3个世代净化,6周龄血浆病毒分离阳性率由33.2%降至1.2%,36~40周龄蛋清p27抗原和血浆病毒分离阳性率均降至零;C鸡种经过2个世代净化,留种前血浆病毒分离阳性率由61.8%降至0.9%;D鸡种经过2个世代净化,留种前蛋清p27抗原阳性率由20.7%降至1.9%,血浆病毒分离阳性率降至0.2%。禽白血病净化对种鸡生产性能的影响,以A鸡种为例,经过3个世代净化,育雏期、育成期和产蛋期死亡率均逐级下降,净化第一世代效果最为显著;产蛋性能亦明显提高,43周龄总产蛋数平均增加了13个/只,66周龄总产蛋数平均增加了23个/只。研究为众多地方品种鸡群及原种场禽白血病净化起到了良好示范作用。     

利用太谷显性核不育基因育成冬小麦新品种京核三号

京核三号是利用我国特有的珍贵种质资源－太谷核不育小麦培育成功的高产、优质、高效冬小麦新品种,其亲本系谱血缘关系复杂,遗传基因丰富;衣种方法新颖;品种具有广泛的适应性和诸多方面的突出优点。已通过北京市偿作物品种审定委员会审定委员会审定并命名,被列入北京市“１２６”种子工程,正在生产中推广。     

玉米生长素响应因子基因家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析

生长素响应因子(ARF)在植物中可以特异性结合在应答基因的启动子区域,调控植物的生长发育。为了进一步了解玉米ARF基因家族的数量、基本特征、进化关系及响应非生物胁迫和激素的表达模式,本研究在全基因组水平,通过生物信息学方法鉴定玉米ARF基因家族,分析了蛋白理化性质及系统发育,利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)分析了4个ZmARFs基因的时空表达模式及高温、干旱、盐和脱落酸(ABA)处理下的表达情况。结果表明,玉米36个ARFs基因随机非均匀分布在9条染色体上,编码氨基酸长度、分子量、等电点及二级结构存在很大的差异。高粱、水稻、拟南芥和玉米的蛋白复合进化树显示共分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ四大类,玉米与高粱ARF蛋白亲缘关系最近,而与拟南芥ARF蛋白亲缘关系最远,且玉米中发生基因内和基因间复制现象。启动子顺式作用元件主要是干旱、低温、氧化和激素类响应元件。RT-qPCR结果显示,ZmARF1、ZmARF6、ZmARF13和ZmARF22基因均在雄穗分支和胚中表达量较高,在花粉中表达量较低;4个基因(除ZmARF22)在高温、干旱、盐和ABA诱导时均显著上调表达。亚细胞定位表明上述4个基因编码的蛋白质均定位于细胞核。本研究结果为揭示玉米ARF蛋白功能和挖掘玉米的抗逆基因提供了理论基础,为抗逆育种提供了分子资源。     

Male Sterile Lines of Zinnia elegans and Their Cytological Observations

In order to find out a new pathway for utilizing heterosis of Zinnia elegans and accelerate breeding process, the mechanism of anther development of a male sterile line was explored. Backcross, sibmating, selling of fertile plants and testcross with inbred lines were analyzed and identified in the field, and cytology was observed. Recessive nucleus male sterile line AH209AB capable of being a maintainer was obtained by successive backcrosses with male sterile plants and fertile F1 plants as male parents. Cytological and anatomical studies indicated that： （1） The wall of normal anther was constituted of four layers of cells such as epidermis, powder chamber wall, middle level and tapetum cells. The process in meiosis of pollen mother cell in Zinnia elegans was normal and cytoplasm divided simultanously. Mature pollen grain was tricellular type. （2） The petal of male sterile plant degraded as a thread-like structure, the stamens were villiform in appearance and no pollens were formed. The result showed that the anther of male sterile plant no longer proceed to differentiate spore mother cell and the pollen sac after the formation of the tissue of sporogenous cells, there was no evident boundary between tapetum cell, middle lamella and inner wall of PMC, tapetal cells did not develop from the very beginning. So the abortion type was completely structural male sterility. The male sterile line belongs to non-sporange male sterile type and is of great use in F1 seeds production.     

开放核心群育种体系(ONBS)研究 Ⅳ.家禽ONBS的育种效果:线性趋势与群体方差

对引进的祖代Ｘ褐壳蛋鸡的Ｂ系以及复制Ｂ′系自１９９１到１９９５年有关数量性状进行了线性趋势分析,并通过ＭＩＶＱＵＥ法估计了方差组分．结果表明,开放核心群育种体系复制模板群体具有较好的效果,并且可以通过开放的基因流入获取模板群体的育种进展,单位遗传进展的费用最低,因此,在中国目前国情下是培育和维持具国际水准工业化家禽品系的一个理想的育种方法．连续世代的群体方差表现出多样化的变化趋势．遗传方差并非都随选择而减少,上向选择在最初世代可能有利于群体变异的增加．     

谷氨酸钠对小白鼠亲代和哺乳子代下丘脑室旁核和脂肪沉积的影响

通过在小白鼠日常饮水中加入谷氨酸钠（ＭＳＧ）,观察对亲代和哺乳子代下丘脑室旁核（ＰＶＮ）、腹内侧核（ＶＭＨ）和脂肪沉积的影响。结果表明：小白鼠亲代从断奶（１８日龄）开始饮用ＭＳＧ溶液能引起雄鼠附睾脂肪沉积显著增多,下丘脑ＰＶＮ神经元数量减少和变性,对相同处理雌鼠无明显影响;亲代饮用ＭＳＧ后引起哺乳子代雄鼠体重显著减轻,附睾脂肪沉积显著增多,下丘脑ＰＶＮ神经元大小不一致,部分神经元水肿。提示：小白鼠饮用ＭＳＧ对亲代和哺乳子代下丘脑ＰＶＮ功能、体重和脂肪沉积有显著影响并存在性别差异;下丘脑ＰＶＮ功能与体脂沉积有关。