供体细胞种类对牛核移植效果的影响

供体细胞种类对牛卵母细胞核移植效果影响的研究结果表明,颗粒细胞的核移植效果与成年牛成纤维细胞无显著差异(19.8%vs 17.3%,P>0.05);胎牛成纤维细胞核移植囊胚发育率高于成年牛成纤维细胞(24.2%vs 14.0%,P<0.05);血清饥饿处理的胎牛成纤维细胞(休眠细胞)与高血清培养(非休眠细胞)的胎牛成纤维细胞核移植效果差异不显著(18.8%vs 18.6%,P>0.05),表明胎牛成纤维细胞血清饥饿处理没有必要。     

不同类型的转基因细胞为核供体生产猪的转绿色荧光蛋白基因克隆胚胎

2005年我国获得了体细胞克隆猪的成功,但是在体细胞转基因克隆猪方面还处于起步阶段。猪的转基因克隆在农业和医学方面有着巨大的应用前景,在农业上可以提高猪肉品质和培育抗病猪种等;医学上可以为人类异种器官移植、疾病模型和新药筛选提供理想材料。体细胞核移植结合基因组修饰技术,是目前生产转基因家畜的一种有效方式。供体细胞的类型是影响转基因克隆效率的一个关键因素,因为供体细胞的类型决定着体细胞转基因效率和重组胚的发育潜力。目前所知,较成功用于生产转基因克隆猪的供体细胞仅限于胎儿成纤维细胞,因为它易培养、增殖期限长、重构胚的发育能力高。此外骨髓间充质细胞,一种成体干细胞,作为转基因克隆猪的供体细胞有着巨大的潜力,国内外仅有个别报道。前脂肪细胞,一种易于获得的体细胞,有报道称利用成年猪前脂肪细胞为核供体构建的克隆胚发育能力和胎儿成纤维细胞相当,并且获得了克隆猪的后代。而利用猪前脂肪细胞生产转基因克隆胚胎,将为后续组织工程研究奠定基础。因此本研究选择猪胎儿成纤维细胞、骨髓间充质细胞和前脂肪细胞为转基因克隆的供体细胞,目的是比较不同类型转基因供体细胞对生产克隆胚胎效率的影响。本研究首先建立了近交系五指山小型猪(WZSP)胎儿成纤维细胞系(FF)、新生猪骨髓间充质细胞(MSCs)系和成年猪前脂肪细胞系(PreA)。采用组织块法建立胎儿(27日龄)成纤维细胞系;髓间充质细胞从新生猪后腿骨冲取骨髓,加入到Percoll分离液中离心,吸取中间界层面细胞,贴壁法培养骨髓间充质原代细胞,培养基为低糖DMEM。对间充质细胞向脂肪细胞进行诱导分化,油红O染色鉴定;前脂肪细胞从猪的皮下脂肪取样,用0.1%胶原酶消化法建立前脂肪细胞原代细胞,并对前脂肪细胞进行诱导分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,油红O染色鉴定。为了获得转基因细胞系,利用脂质体lipofectamineTM2000(Invitrogene)介导的方法将质粒pEGFP-N1转染了胎儿成纤维细胞、骨髓间充质细胞和前脂肪细胞,经过800μg/mL G418筛选后均获得了阳性细胞株。分别以3种类型转基因和未转基因细胞为核供体进行猪的体细胞核移植,比较克隆胚胎的发育能力。结果如下:(1)比较了3种类型非转基因细胞的重组胚的囊胚发育率,发现胎儿成纤维细胞(8.2%)、骨髓间充质细胞(7.1%)和前脂肪细胞(8.8%)囊胚发育率差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)比较了3种类型转基因细胞的重组胚的囊胚发育率,发现胎儿成纤维细胞(9.6%)和骨髓间充质细胞(9.9%)最高,前脂肪细胞(3.7%)最低,前两者与后者差异显著(P<0.05);(3)分别比较了每一类型供体细胞转基因和非转基因对重组胚的囊胚发育率的影响,转基因对胎儿成纤维细胞(9.6%vs 8.2%)和骨髓间充质细胞(9.9%vs 7.1%)的重构胚囊胚发育率影响不大(P>0.05);前脂肪细胞转基因重组胚的囊胚发育率显著降低(3.7%vs 8.8%,P<0.05)。以上结果表明,某些供体细胞类型转基因与否对猪克隆胚胎的早期体外发育影响不明显,有些细胞类型转基因对克隆胚的发育能力影响较大。通过体细胞核移植技术,猪胎儿成纤维细胞和骨髓间充质细胞可以有效地生产猪转基因囊胚,但前脂肪细胞转基因克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率能否进一步提高,还需要进一步的实验观察。     

关于用动物属间体细胞核移植拯救濒临灭绝动物的研究

和克隆啮齿动物和家畜有所不同,由于濒危动物的卵母细胞的缺乏,克隆将要灭绝的物种需要具有选择性的方法，比如种属间体细胞核移植。文章以将喜马拉雅班羚体细胞注入牛卵母细胞的属间核移植后的囊胚的产生为例^[1]，介绍属间核移植的具体方法.由于将要灭绝的物种总数急剧减少，并且对它们实施人工繁殖技术的报道很少。因此,人工繁殖技术、属间和种内的体细胞核移植对增加有限的濒临灭绝物种的总体和保存这个物种是一个很有潜力的办法.希望这个方法会对环境保护和濒危动物的繁衍产生一定的作用.     

核酸探针和PCR技术在食品检验中的应用

核酸探针技术和多聚酶链反应( Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术是近年来发展起来的两种高新生物技术。本文着重介绍了核酸探针技术和 PCR技术的原理及其在食品检验中的应用。同时提出了这两种技术在食品检验中尚存在的问题以及解决的办法 ,并对其在食品检验中的应用前景作了展望。     

RENAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE: A REVIEW

Renal nuclear medicine is used to evaluate renal function and morphology. Renal scintigraphy is the best imaging modality for evaluation of functional parameters such as glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow. The commonly used renal radiopharmaceuticals are reviewed. Both imaging and non-imaging techniques are presented. Specific applications of renal nuclear medicine are discussed.     

NMR Techniques Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis: Tools to Analyse Oryza sativa Metabolic Content under Stress Conditions

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world and its growth is influenced by several environmental stresses, such as drought and high salinity. In our study, we first investigated the metabolic profile in shoots and roots of two rice cultivars (Arborio and Nipponbare) through ¹H-high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) and liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Drought and salt stress experiments on shoot and root growth showed Arborio seedlings to be more sensitive than those of Nipponbare to these abiotic stresses. Moreover, the metabolic content of the same samples was analysed by liquid-state NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis highlighted a significant accumulation of amino acids and sugars in shoots and roots under stress conditions and the existence of clear differences between the two analysed rice cultivars. In particular, Arborio seedlings accumulated a higher concentration of amino acids and sugars than Nipponbare seedlings. Furthermore, we also obtained preliminary data about metabolic changes in rice following infection with the fungus Magnaporthe grisea . This study proves that NMR technique coupled with multivariate statistical analysis is a powerful tool to assess a possible correlation between differences in metabolic profile and in tolerance/sensitivity phenotype in rice cultivars.     

Gut microbiota absence and transplantation affect growth and intestinal functions: An investigation in a germ-free pig model

This study was conducted to investigate host–microbiota interactions and explore the effects of maternal gut microbiota transplantation on the growth and intestinal functions of newborns in a germ-free (GF) pig model. Twelve hysterectomy-derived GF Bama piglets were reared in 6 sterile isolators. Among them, 6 were considered as the GF group, and the other 6 were orally inoculated with healthy sow fecal suspension as fecal microbiota transplanted (FMT) group. Another 6 piglets from natural birth were regarded as the conventional (CV) group. The GF and FMT groups were hand-fed with Co60-γ-irradiated sterile milk powder, while the CV group was reared by lactating Bama sows. All groups were fed for 21 days. Then, all piglets and then were switched to sterile feed for another 21 days. Results showed that the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the GF group decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the serum urea nitrogen concentration and digesta pH values in the GF group increased compared with those in the FMT and CV groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the CV group, the GF group demonstrated upregulation in the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier function-related genes in the small intestine (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA abundances of intestinal development and absorption-related genes in the small intestine and colon were higher in the GF group than in the CV and FMT groups (P < 0.05). The FMT group exhibited greater growth performance, lipase activity, and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05), higher mRNA expression levels of intestinal development and barrier-related genes in the small intestine (P < 0.05), and lower mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory factor in the colon and jejunum (P < 0.05) than the CV group. In conclusion, the absence of gut microbes impaired the growth and nutrient digestibility, and healthy sow gut microbiota transplantation increased the growth and nutrient digestibility and improved the intestinal development and barrier function of newborn piglets, indicating the importance of intestinal microbes for intestinal development and functions.     

甘兰型双低油菜细胞核雄性不育系黔油2AB育性遗传研究

根据遗传学原理，采用测交、回交、自交及兄妹交的方法，研究黔油2A的育性遗传规律。结果表明：黔油2A属双基因显性“杂合两型系”，其育性是受两对显性基因MsMs和RfRf互作控制的，其中Ms是显性不育基因，Rf是显性恢复基因，同时抑制不育基因性的表达，使育性恢复可育。其不育株基因型为Msmsrfrf，保持株基因型为msmsrfrf，恢复株基因型Ms-RfRf和msmRfRf。