Roscovitine同期化供核细胞对猴—猪异种核移植胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探讨Roscovitine同期化供核细胞对食蟹猴—猪异种体细胞核移植胚胎体外发育的影响,为提高灵长类的核移植效率奠定基础.[方法]活体采集4岁雄性食蟹猴的耳组织,经组织块培养获得纯化的食蟹猴耳成纤维细胞,细胞经固定、染色后用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期分布.以不同同期化方法处理的食蟹猴耳纤维细胞为供体细胞,以体外成熟、去核的猪卵母细胞为受体细胞,利用电融合法构建食蟹猴—猪异种核移植胚胎,观察异种核移植重构胚胎的体外发育情况.[结果]以15 μmol/L Roscovitine处理食蟹猴耳成纤维细胞24、48、72 h获得的G0/G1期细胞比率分别为76.51％、89.69％和90.49％,其中处理48和72h的G0/G1期细胞比率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）.血清饥饿、接触抑制72 h同期化获得的G0/G1期细胞比率分别为91.12％和90.46％.Roscovitine同期化处理食蟹猴耳成纤维细胞48 h可有效提高食蟹猴—猪异种核移植重构胚胎的囊胚形成率（15.05％）,显著高于血清饥饿同期化处理和接触抑制同期化处理的效果（P＜0.05）.[结论]Roscovitine可有效同期化食蟹猴耳成纤维细胞在G0/G1期,最终提高食蟹猴—猪异种核移植重构胚胎的囊胚形成率.     

亚热带不同林分土壤表层有机碳组成及其稳定性

在浙江临安玲珑山选取了常绿阔叶林、马尾松林、板栗林和雷竹林4种林分,采用传统的化学方法与固态13C核磁共振(NMR)技术研究其土壤有机碳在不同粒径土壤颗粒中的分布规律和结构特征,探讨林分类别和管理措施对土壤有机碳含量及其结构的影响,为亚热带地区森林固碳和土壤碳库管理提供科学依据.结果显示:(1)土壤表层(0-20 cm)有机碳含量按以下次序递减:雷竹林＞常绿阔叶林＞马尾松林＞板栗林,且板栗林以粉黏粒结合态碳为主,其他林分土壤则以粗砂结合态碳为主;(2)13C NMR结果表明,阔叶林和马尾松林土壤有机碳中烷基碳所占比例最大,而雷竹林和板栗林则是烷氧碳比例最大,表明人工经营措施改变了土壤有机碳的成分组成;(3)随着土壤颗粒变细,有机碳中烷基碳比例增加,烷氧碳比例减少,A/O-A值和疏水碳/亲水碳值逐渐增大,表明颗粒越细,其结合的有机碳结构稳定性越高.     

供体细胞对哺乳动物体细胞核移植的影响

哺乳动物体细胞核移植技术(克隆)在农业、生物技术、医药生产和濒危动物保护等方面具有很大的潜力和应用价值,已成为目前发育生物学研究的重要方法.文章依据近年来国内外在动物克隆技术方面的资料,分析了供体细胞类型、供体细胞动物年龄、供体细胞所处细胞周期、体外传代次数以及供体动物性别等因素对克隆动物效率的影响及可能原因.     

无患子当年生砧苗嫁接育苗技术

采用正劈接、短枝腹接、斜劈接、舌接等不同嫁接方法对无患子实生苗即移即接、移后10 d嫁接、地苗嫁接育苗试验,探索提高无患子嫁接成活率的途径。结果表明,用正劈接方法对无患子实生苗即移即接其嫁接成活率高,此嫁接技术可以在无患子嫁接育苗生产中应用。     

探讨如何提高大树移植的成活率

据各大城市提供的数据分析,大树移植的成活率仅在50%左右,这个问题日益受到有关专家及园林建设者们的重视。如何提高大树移植的成活率?笔者经过多年的实践,认为,大树移植是一项系统的工程,需要严格的技术要求和具体的养护措施,只有遵循自然生长规律,才能收到较好的成活效果。     

动物胚胎移植技术发展概况及存在问题

动物胚胎移植实际是生产胚胎的供体和养育胚胎的受体分工合作繁殖后代的过程。其目的是使经济效益低、生产性能不高、不符合社会需要和人们生活需求的母畜作为受体生产出经济效益高、生产性能好、符合社会和人们需求的良种后代，以便迅速增加良种畜禽的数量，大大提高受体母畜的繁殖效率和经济效益。本文就国内外和甘肃省的胚胎移植技术发展概况进行阐述，并从胚胎移植推广应用角度分析了胚胎移植技术存在的主要问题。     

Intrathymic inoculation of liver specific antigen protects hepatocytes from apoptosis after liver allotransplantation

AIM: To study the effects of intrathymic inoculation of liver specific antigen (LSA) on hepatocyte apoptosis after liver allotransplantation. METHODS: Orthotopic liver transplantation was used in this study. Group Ⅰ: syngenic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); Group Ⅱ: acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar); Group Ⅲ: thymus inoculation of SD rat LSA day 7 before transplantation. The observation of general situation and survival time, hepatocyte apoptosis and LAT expression in liver transplants were used to analyze immune state of animals in different groups. RESULTS: The general situation of group Ⅰ was very well after transplantation. Recipients of groupⅡ lost body weight progressively and all died within day 9 to day 13 post transplantation. As for group Ⅲ, the general situation of recipients was remarkably better than that in group Ⅱ. The positive cells of apoptosis in group Ⅲ detected by TUNEL were not significantly different from that in group Ⅰ, but was significantly lower than that in group Ⅱ. LAT was detected at any time in group Ⅱ with peak expression at day 5 and day 7 post transplantation. In contrast, LAT was not detected in any other groups. CONCLUSION: Intrathymic inoculation of LSA protects hepatocytes from apoptosis after liver allotransplantation.     

利用核型多角体病毒防治豆天蛾幼虫的研究

室内试验,豆天蛾核型多角体病毒感染3龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC_(50))为1.4×10~(4(?)8)个多角体/毫升。田间试验,喷施1.6×10~7多角体/毫升的病虫尸匀浆液,对豆天蛾幼虫的防治效果在70％左右。豆天蛾核型多角体病毒与苏云金杆菌或银纹夜娥核型多角体病毒混用,防治同时发生的多种大豆害虫的总效果明显提高,虫口下降率可达90％左右。     

Embryo Transplantation in Cattle: Non-Surgical Recovery of Embryos From Repeat Breeders

Fourteen true repeat breeders with entirely normal oestrous cyclicity more than 1 year after calving and 14 control donor cows were superovulated with PMSG (2000 i.u.) and flushed non-surgically 6–8 days after the superovulatory heat. The superovulatory response was identical for the 2 groups such as assessed by the number of corpora lutea (9.4 ± 1.8 C.L. per repeat breeder and 9.1 ± 1.5 per control cow), occurrence of ovarian overstimulation (polycysts), presence of a non-countable amount of corpora lutea, negative outcome of the flushings and the number of recovered embryos (5.8 ± 1.0 embryos per repeat breeder and 6.0 ± 1.8 embryos per control cow). The most pronounced difference between the 2 categories of animals was related to the fertilization rate of embryos. In the repeat breeder group only 2.4 embryos per cow or 41 % were fertilized, whereas the control animals attained a fertilization rate of 4.9 embryos or 82 %. Since most factors liable to interfere with the fertilization process were identical for both groups (age, breed, nutritional and management conditions, semen quality, dose, AI-technician e.g.), it is believed that intraovarian, follicular, or follicular-dynamic conditions were responsible for producing a high proportion of non-fertilizable oocytes.     

Comparison of nuclear morphometric parameters in cytologic smears and histologic sections of spontaneous canine tumors

Background — Nuclear morphometry may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information for neoplasms in animals. Most available data have been obtained from histologic sections. Nuclear morphometry of cytologic smears may provide important pre-operative information.
Objectives — The goal of this study was to compare nuclear morphometric parameters in cytologic smears and histologic sections from spontaneous canine tumors.
Methods — Mean nuclear area (MNA), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP), mean nuclear form factor (FF; nuclear perimeter²/4π nuclear area) and their respective SDs were assessed by image analysis of both hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections and May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained cytologic smears from the same case in 20 spontaneous canine tumors of different histogenesis. The above parameters were selected as being the best morphometric tools for measuring variation in shape and size in cells after neoplastic transformation. Data were compared by ANOVA with P<.01 considered significant.
Results — There was a significant difference between histologic and cytologic specimens for MNA, MNP, and their SDs. Only the differences between FF and the SD of FF were not statistically significant.
Conclusions — Only nuclear morphometric data related to nuclear shape and nuclear shape variability are comparable between histologic and cytologic specimens. Nuclear area and perimeter may be affected by the different fixation and smear preparation techniques used in histology and cytology.