邹城市矿粮复合区土地利用变化及生态系统服务价值分析

以山东省邹城市为试点,依据1990~2005年土地统计资料对该市矿粮复合区生态系统服务价值进行分析。结果表明,矿粮复合区内土地利用结构变化较快,具体表现为耕地的快速减少,水域和未利用土地大幅度增加。由于水域面积的增加,15a间复合区生态系统总服务价值呈现增长趋势;在土地利用类型中耕地的贡献率最大,在70％左右,其次为水域,且这2种类型贡献率变化最大,林地的贡献率在复合区内最小,一般在5％左右;生态服务功能在复合区和非复合区之间差别最大的是水分调节功能;在所有乡镇中废物处理和土壤形成功能都处于主导地位,废物处理功能大幅度增加,而土壤形成功能逐渐减少;复合区中生物多样性和娱乐功能有所增加,食物生产功能略有下降。     

华北东部低平原红枣产业的现状、问题及解决途径

华北东部低平原金丝小枣产区是我国最大的红枣产区,产区跨越山东、河北及天津3个省(市)的近30个县(市、区)。文章在简要叙述区域内红枣产业(含冬枣产业)发展现状的基础上,从宏观高度分析了当前红枣产业发展中存在的重大问题,并提出了解决这些问题的重要途径。     

Fucose-Rich Sulfated Polysaccharides from Two Vietnamese Sea Cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera: Structures and Anticoagulant Activity

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) FCS-BA and FCS-HS, as well as fucan sulfates (FSs) FS-BA-AT and FS-HS-AT were isolated from the sea cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera, respectively. Purification of the polysaccharides was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel column. Structural characterization of polysaccharides was performed in terms of monosaccharide and sulfate content, as well as using a series of non-destructive NMR spectroscopic methods. Both FCSs were shown to contain a chondroitin core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→]_n bearing sulfated fucosyl branches at O-3 of every GlcA residue in the chain. These fucosyl residues were different in pattern of sulfation: FCS-BA contained Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S at a ratio of 1:8:2, while FCS-HS contained these residues at a ratio of 2:2:1. Polysaccharides differed also in content of GalNAc4S6S and GalNAc4S units, the ratios being 14:1 for FCS-BA and 4:1 for FCS-HS. Both FCSs demonstrated significant anticoagulant activity in clotting time assay and potentiated inhibition of thrombin, but not of factor Xa. FS-BA-AT was shown to be a regular linear polymer of 4-linked α-L-fucopyranose 3-sulfate, the structure being confirmed by NMR spectra of desulfated polysaccharide. In spite of considerable sulfate content, FS-BA-AT was practically devoid of anticoagulant activity. FS-HS-AT cannot be purified completely from contamination of some FCS. Its structure was tentatively represented as a mixture of chains identical with FS-BA-AT and other chains built up of randomly sulfated alternating 4- and 3-linked α-L-fucopyranose residues.     

长江上游低山丘陵区小流域森林植被变化对径流影响分析

森林植被的变化可以调节森林水文过程。本文以广元市碗厂沟的5个小流域为研究对象,根据实测水位资料,分析了在植被恢复过程中流域径流的变化情况。结果表明:随着森林植被的不断恢复,(1)流域降水转化为径流的数量(即径流系数)降低;(2)在相同的雨量级与相似的雨强情况洪峰得到削弱,洪峰时间延长;(3)在相似的降雨历时的条件下洪水过程线历时增长。     

改进微波装置辅助提取猕猴桃根三萜类化合物的研究

应用单因素试验、析因试验和响应面分析法等统计学方法,对自行设计的可以同时控制温度的微波装置辅助提取美味猕猴桃根中具有保肝作用的三萜类化合物的工艺进行了深入研究。试验结果表明：在微波功率一定的情况下,乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间的影响最显著,优化得到最佳微波辅助提取工艺参数为乙醇浓度63%,温度47℃,时间为30 min,一次提取率可达85.13%。经验证试验证明,该方法是一种实用的提取方法。     

基于生态足迹方法的玉米-味精生态农业及产业系统分析

为了提高生态产业研究结果的可比性,以味精产业为例,用生态足迹方法分析了产业过程涉及不同子系统的资源利用和环境污染情况。味精生产由三个子系统构成,玉米生产、淀粉生产和味精生产。计算结果表明,从玉米到味精的生产过程也是生态足迹延长的过程,其中玉米生态足迹占用面积最大,主要是因为耕地和水资源占用大;生态足迹的延长伴随着足迹效益的增加,意味着延长产业链条可以提高资源利用效率;系统的间接能源生态足迹较大,因此应重点考虑降低间接能源的能耗;味精生产系统的能耗最高,空气和水体环境污染最为严重。研究表明,生态足迹是一种很好的衡量复合生态产业不同子系统资源利用和环境污染状况的方法。     

Movement and Distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Adults Under Different Temperature Differences in Different Lengths of Horizontal Grain Columns

Understanding insect movement and distribution is critical for developing an effective insect pest management protocol. Movement and distribution of adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in response to nominal temperature differences of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C in 1- and 2-m horizontal columns filled with 12.5% moisture content wheat were studied in 24, 48, and 72 h of movement times. In the wheat columns without temperature differences, adults had a diffusion distribution pattern caused by their random movement. Adults showed bias movement to the warmer grain in wheat columns with temperature differences and preferred the warmer grain regardless of the magnitude of temperature differences in less than 24 h. Their distribution did not have significant differences among different movement times in 1- or 2-m columns. About 40% of adults moved to the warmer wheat located at 0.4 to 0.5 m in the 1 m column but did not move to the warmer wheat located at 0.9 to 1 m in the 2-m column. Therefore, length of grain column influenced detection of warmer grain by insects. Adults under different temperatures had a similar response as that under linear temperature gradients.     

Pb对匍匐翦股颖根系超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

通过Pb离子浓度胁迫与处理时间两因素试验方案,利用甲基氮蓝四唑(NBT)光密度测定法测定了匍匐翦股颖(Agrotistolonifera)根系细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SODs)活性,并用统计分析软件SPSS13.0中的GenearLinearModel模块,对试验数据进行了F测验,用LSD法对各水平间进行多重比较检验。结果表明,重金属Pb各处理浓度对SODs的影响均达到极显著水平,处理后SODs水平显著上升,到第4d时达到最高值,处理第3d与第4d之间未达显著水平,第1、2d与第3、4、5d之间达到极显著水平发现低浓度(<2.5mmol·L-1)Pb处理可促使根系细胞积极的防御策略,使细胞SODs水平持续增加;高浓度(>10.0mmol·L-1)处理使SODs活性在早期上升,第4d后SODs开始下降,其主要原因是Pb离子胁迫产生的超量自由基导致酶失活效应所致。     

外源硅钝化稻田土壤重金属Cd有效性及降低稻谷Cd含量研究

【目的】利用两种外源硅肥材料开展试验,研究外源硅对土壤重金属Cd有效性以及稻谷Cd含量的影响。【方法】以硅胶（分子式mSiO2.nH2O,含量98%以上）、液体硅肥（SiO2浓度≥23%）作为外源硅肥材料,通过在重金属镉Cd超标稻田土壤施用硅胶,在水稻分蘖期、孕穗期喷施液体硅肥,研究硅钝化稻田土壤重金属Cd有效性及降低稻谷Cd含量。【结果】施用硅胶达到100kg/667m2对降低土壤有效Cd含量有极显著效果,表明稻田施用硅胶可以钝化土壤重金属Cd有效性;施用硅胶达到100kg/667m2对降低稻谷Cd含量有显著效果,施用硅胶再配合喷施液体硅肥时,对降低稻谷Cd含量有极显著效果;施用硅胶、液体硅肥对提高稻谷产量有显著作用。【结论】基施硅胶配合喷施液体硅肥,对钝化土壤重金属Cd有效性,降低稻谷Cd含量,提高稻谷产量具有显著效果。     

基于声学技术的红沿河核电站附近海域夏季水母通量测量

大量水母涌入核电站取水口会对核电冷源取水安全造成严重威胁,为把握夏季红沿河核电站附近海域水母的密度和基本运动规律,分别于2017年7、8、9月在红沿河核电站附近海域使用同时搭载科学探鱼仪(120、200 kHz)和多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)的调查船,沿垂直等深线方向进行25 h、10 n mile长垂直断面往复走航水...