Ca2+-activated Cl- channels and pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow

Pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow involves a variety of complex mechanisms, including endothelial damage, pulmonary artery smooth muscle relaxation-contraction disorder and vascular remodeling. Besides, the factor of ion channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is also highly correlated to vasoconstriction. In recent years, many studies have shown that activation of Ca²⁺-activated Cl^- channels is responsible for the membrane depolarization of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and vasoconstriction. This article reviews the biophysical and pharmacological characteristics of Ca²⁺-activated Cl^- channels as well as the influence of Ca²⁺-activated Cl^- channels in high pulmonary blood flow-induced pulmonary hypertension.     

内毒素致肝细胞凋亡与Survivin蛋白表达的关系及阳离子A保护效应

72只SD大鼠随机分为对照组（Ⅰ组）、内毒素组（Ⅱ组）和CA保护组（Ⅲ组）。3组动物经相应处理后分别在第3、4、8、12h采集肝脏作为检测样本,用流式细胞仪检测肝细胞凋亡情况,免疫组织化学染色技术检测Survivin蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,在4个时段中,Ⅱ组凋亡肝细胞百分比都极显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）;在3、12h,Ⅱ组极显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,在4h,Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅲ组（P％0．05）;在8h,1I组肝细胞凋亡百分比呈上升趋势,Ⅲ组在3、4、8h3个时间点呈上升趋势,在12h有下降趋势。Ⅱ组Survivin的表达极显著低于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）,且Ⅱ组一直呈减少趋势;Ⅱ组极显著少于Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,Ⅲ组在3、4、8h这3个时间点呈下降趋势,在12h上升。结果表明,在内毒素血症中肝细胞凋亡与Survivin蛋白的表达呈负相关的关系,而cA则能明显上调Survivin在肝脏的表达水平,从而抑制肝细胞凋亡,对由ET诱导的肝损伤有可能发挥一定的保护作用。     

Evaluating a novel analgesic strategy for ring castration of ram lambs

Objective To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the NSAIDs flunixin and meloxicam administered locally to the scrotum before ring castration. Study design Randomised, controlled, prospective study. Animals Forty eight single born male Merino lambs. Methods Lambs, aged approximately 4 weeks, were allocated to four groups for castration. Groups were: sham control; castration + saline; castration + flunixin; castration + meloxicam. Drugs (5 mL) were administered subcutaneously around the circumference of the scrotum immediately before castration. Cortisol, rectal temperature, haematology and plasma haptoglobin were measured before and up to 48 hours after treatment. Behaviour recorded by video for 12 hours after treatment was classified as pain avoidance behaviours in the first hour and postural behaviours in three 4 hour intervals. Results Ring castration (saline group) induced a bi‐phasic increase in cortisol with peaks at 90 minutes and 24 hours but no significant changes in haematology, haptoglobin or rectal temperature. Pain avoidance behaviours were increased and teat seeking decreased. Normal lying and normal standing postures were decreased and abnormal ventral lying, statue standing, abnormal standing and total abnormal postures increased. Flunixin decreased cortisol at 90 minutes (60.3 versus 117.3 nmol L^?1) and cortisol AUC (0–6 hours), decreased elevated leg movement (2.5 versus 5.4 events) and sum of pain avoidance behaviours (8.5 versus 16.7 events), improved time spent in normal ventral lying and decreased abnormal ventral lying and total abnormal postures compared to saline treated lambs. In a similar contrast, meloxicam caused non‐significant decreases in cortisol at 90 minutes, cortisol AUC (0–6 hours) and pain avoidance behaviours, and significantly improved the postural behaviours normal ventral lying (26.7 versus 15.4%) and normal standing (13.9 versus 7.5%), and reduced abnormal standing and total abnormal postures. Physiological and behavioural responses associated with ring castration for both NSAID treatment groups were generally greater than sham controls. Conclusions and clinical relevance Locally administered NSAIDs provided partial analgesia for ring castration.     

植物根细胞离子通道研究进展

根细胞膜上存在各种离子通道.电生理学的研究表明,根细胞离子通道对于矿质吸收、转运及植物耐盐具有重要作用.该文概述了根细胞K+通道、阴离子通道和各种非选择性阳离子通道的最新研究进展,并对近期有关离子通道和植物耐盐性关系的研究进行了总结.K+通道存在于大多数的植物细胞中,其对K+的选择性远高于其他阳离子,K+通道的存在对于营养元素的吸收,尤其是K+的低亲和性吸收具有重要的意义,同时也为其他离子的出入维持了一个较为稳定的膜电势.阴离子通道激活所引起的质膜去极化可以激发非选择性的阳离子流,在盐胁迫下,可通透Cl的阴离子通道的开放是植物对胞内Cl的一种重要调控机制.由于非选择性的阳离子通道(Non-selective cation channels,NSCCs)的多样性及其对一价阳离子的低选择性,近年来NSCCs的研究受到广泛关注.NSCCs被认为参与了植物多种生理过程,包括营养元素的吸收、膨压控制、胞间转运、信号转导以及毒害离子的吸收,尤其是Na+的吸收.      

Involvement of ATP‐sensitive K+ channels in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by ketamine

ObjectiveTo investigate the contribution of K⁺ channels on peripheral antinociception induced by ketamine.Study designProspective experimental study.Animals110 male Wistar rats weighing 160–200 g.MethodsThe paw pressure required to elicit limb flexion was designated as the nociceptive threshold. Hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E₂. All drugs were administered locally into the right hind paw of rats. Ketamine was administered into the right hind paw 2 hours and 55 minutes after local injection of PGE₂. Tetraethylammonium was administered 30 minutes prior to ketamine and the other K⁺ channel blockers, glibenclamide, dequalinium and paxilline, were administered 5 minutes prior to ketamine.ResultsProstaglandin E₂ (2 μg per paw) induced hyperalgesia. Ketamine (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg per paw) elicited a local peripheral antinociceptive effect that was antagonized by a specific blocker of ATP‐sensitive K⁺ channels, glibenclamide (20, 40 and 80 μg per paw). In another experiment, the non‐selective voltage‐dependent K⁺ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (30 μg per paw) and small and large conductance blockers of Ca²⁺‐activated K⁺ channels, dequalinium (50 μg per paw) and paxilline (20 μg per paw), were ineffective at blocking the effect of a local ketamine injection.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAnalysis of these results provides evidence that ketamine, may in part, induce peripheral antinociceptive effects by ATP‐sensitive K⁺ channel pathway activation.     

Food of Canis Mesomelas in South Africa

Data from five jackass penguin chicks (mean mass 201 g) showed that even young chicks can increase their oxygen consumption from 0,76± 0,16 ml 0¹/gxhr at 35°C to 2,09± 0,21 ml 0, at 20 °C. Close parental attendance may therefore be interpreted not only as protection against aerial predators but also as creating a microclimate which could favour a decrease in maintenance requirements and thus channel a substantial part of the available energy into growth. A decrease in rectal temperature, despite the increase in heat production, is interpreted as indicative of poor insulative properties of the down. Preliminary data on the ontogeny of thermoregulation indicate that penguin chicks may attain mature thermoregulatory abilities at a mass of approximately 400g.     

社会资本对水稻种植户投资效率的影响

探究社会资本对农户投资效率的影响与机制对提高农户种粮收益、提升粮食综合生产能力具有重要意义。基于2021年江苏省6县(区)401户农户调查数据,运用数据包络分析方法测算水稻种植户的投资效率,采用Tobit模型实证分析社会资本对水稻种植户投资效率的影响,并检验其作用机制。研究结果表明:样本水稻种植户投资效率整体偏低,平均产出效率和收入效率分别为0.66和0.50。不同类型社会资本对水稻种植户投资效率均有显著正向影响。其中,亲友型和身份型社会资本通过促进生产性借贷资金投入提高投资效率;组织型和企业型社会资本则通过拓展销售渠道发挥作用。异质性分析表明,社会资本对不同效率水平的种植户以及不同劳动力流动水平下的影响存在显著差异。据此,建议应充分发挥社会资本的积极作用,通过大力扶持新型农业经营主体、推行多方联动贷款模式、加快农业全产业链建设等途径促进农户投资效率稳步提升。     

水肥一体机EC传感器安装特性试验研究

【目的】确定水肥一体机EC传感器最佳安装角度。【方法】通过试验测定不同安装角度条件下,肥液的电导率值。【结果】从偏差系数可以看出,90°条件下(EC传感器处于水平位置),EC传感器所测得的EC值波动范围最小,其EC监测通道监测效果最好。且90°、135°、180°条件下,EC监测通道的监测效果要明显优于0°和45°条件。【结论】水肥一体机的EC传感器最佳安装角度为90°。同时,为避免溶质粘附在EC传感器的电极上面影响测量精度,应选用90(°水平方向)安装EC传感器,而不采用135°和180°条件安装。     

中缅油气管道沿线地质灾害分析与防治

中缅油气管道(缅甸段)地质条件复杂,管道穿越若开山区和缅北高原,由于建设期大面积扰动地表,改变了原始地貌,铺设管道后重新回填的土体力学强度低、水敏感性强,受汛期强降雨和洪水的影响,管道沿线出现了大量滑坡、河沟道水毁、坡面水毁、已建水工失效等地质灾害,导致多处露管、悬管,严重威胁了管道的安全运营。重点分析了沿线地质灾害的类型、成因及结构特征,并分别对若开山区和缅北高原的地质灾害提出了防治措施,以期对类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

稻草还田对设施切花菊品质及连作土壤养分的影响

[目的]针对设施切花菊连作土壤质量严重下降切花菊品质逐年下降的现象,研究探讨暗管排水(埋管最适间距2 m)条件下,稻草还田措施对设施切花菊‘神马’连作土壤理化性质及品质的改善效果。[方法]试验设5个处理:1)无暗管和无秸秆还田(CK);2)有暗管和无秸秆还田(PS0);3)有暗管和800 kg/hm^2秸秆还田(PS800);4)有暗管和1600 kg/hm^2秸秆还田(PS1600);5)有暗管和2400 kg/hm^2秸秆还田(PS2400)。测定温室耕作层土壤(0 15 cm)养分含量、阳离子交换量、全盐含量以及植株主要生理指标。[结果]暗管排水条件下,不同稻草还田量均可显著增加土壤中的有机质含量、有效磷含量及速效钾含量。与CK相比,1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田量处理后土壤碱解氮含量最低,而土壤的阳离子交换量与其他处理相比分别增加了32.7%、23.6%、11.4%、8.23%;除此之外,各稻草还田处理均可有效降低土壤pH值、土壤全盐量及电导率,其中1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田量处理后土壤耕作层电导率最低,为167μS/cm,相比CK下降了31.1%;各稻草还田处理使切花菊的株高、茎粗、舌状花数、花鲜重和生物量等主要生理指标显著提高,切花菊‘神马’的株高、舌状花数、生物量在1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田处理下显著高于其他处理。[结论]1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田量为本试验综合效果最佳的处理,其对设施切花菊‘神马’土壤理化性质改善明显,土壤肥力增加显著,切花菊品质提高最佳。