玉米收储制度改革背景下吉林省农户生产经营困境及对策研究

吉林省执行国家玉米临时收储政策以来,玉米收储价格持续走高,种植面积和产量不断扩大,有效保障国家粮食安全和广大农民利益。但临储制度所带来的库存、销售等方面的问题也逐渐显现。2016年,国家发改委联合中央农办、财政部等部门,正式启动"市场化收购"加"补贴"模式,取消玉米临时收储政策。收储制度改革作为我国农业供给侧改革的重要组成部分,在建立更加完善的市场秩序过程中,客观上引发了产业链各环节的不适应甚至生产经营困境。本文利用2016～2017年吉林省72个玉米种植样本村的调查数据,分析玉米收储制度改革对吉林省不同规模玉米种植农户生产经营造成的影响,并针对消极影响所带来的种植规模扩大、种植结构调整等困境,提出相应的对策和建议。     

基于模糊物元的哈尔滨公交企业运营管理评价

根据哈尔滨市公交企业的特点和调研数据,按照平衡计分卡的“财务、顾客、内部流程、学习与成长”四个维度,构建评价指标体系;提出公交企业规模划分标准;应用模糊物元法建立评价模型,对典型的国营和民营公交企业运营管理水平进行评价;采用熵权法计算指标权重,降低人为因素对评价结果的影响.结果表明,评价对象的运营管理均达到“良好”水平.     

山药整地机械化作业技术规范

从作业条件、作业准备、作业方法等方面，介绍山药整地机械化作业技术的要点，论述其整地质量要求及相关参数计算方法，为山药种植产业的规范化及扩大化提供参考。     

河北省贯彻落实农药经营许可制度的实践与探索

农药经营环节是整个农药管理链条当中极其重要的一环,是连接农药生产与使用的桥梁和纽带。为更好地落实农药经营许可相关制度,便于操作,河北省制定了配套的规范性文件,并在工作实践中不断探索完善,进一步完善审查审批流程,以解决实际问题,有效推进了全省农药经营许可制度的落实。     

Real Time Economic Load burdening Method of the Regulating Peak Load about the Boiler Units of Power Plant

Basing on the combing the Equivalent Differential Increment Theory(EDIT) with the Equivalent Polyhedron Method(EPM),the optimum real time economical adjustment of regulating peak load for each boiler about power plant is presented. The results are applying in the site and the economical benefit is increased obviously. The method is simply,and cuts the time.     

秦京输油管道优化运行研究

在对秦京输油管道系统分析的基础上,建立了秦京输油管道优化运行的动态规划数学模型,将这个数学模型看作二维资源分配问题,即把全线总压头和全线总热负荷在各站间进行最优分配。提出了一种二维动态规划求解方法,在求解时用逐次法降维。这种方法既充分考虑了秦京输油管道的特点,又兼顾了数学上的严密性,在所建立的数学模型及提出的优化计算方法的基础上,用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ语言开发了秦京输油管道     

Strategies to improve manual operation of irrigation systems in Sri Lanka

Improvements to normal operational procedures are investigated for the main types of irrigation system identified in Sri Lanka. Scheduled and unscheduled changes of flow regime the systems are likely to experience and the opportunities for improved operations related to the physical characteristics of each type are analyzed.Performance of several alternative manual operational procedures are evaluated and compared using a hydraulic model (Simulation of Irrigation Canal, SIC) for three different irrigation subsystem types (Single Bank canal; Double Bank canal; Canals with intermediate Storage). Results of these simulations show that current practice, based on a fixed frequency of operation of 12 hrs and a target water depth set to the spill level of the cross-regulator, is not far from the optimal for systems without on-line storage. A slight improvement can be expected if the frequency of operation is increased to 6 hrs. For systems with on-line storage it is recommended to split operational procedures into two parts, one related to the canal and one to the storage. Among different options investigated, discharge control at the downstream regulator of the storage appears to be the most reliable as it performs well whatever operation procedures are selected for the canal.Irrigation systems in Sri Lanka are subject to frequent positive flow changes (Supply fluctuations, Runoff, Return-flow changes). As far as water management is concerned, improvements to be expected from normal operation procedures appear to be somewhat limited because management of flow changes is not an objective. For instance little effort is made to harvest runoff under the current practices. One conclusion of the study is that new strategies for the harvest, storage and release of positive flow changes should be tested and, where appropriate, implemented to improve the overall efficiency of operation in irrigation systems in Sri Lanka.     

秦京输油管道运行方式的经济性比较

由于电价不断上涨导致燃油价格大幅度下降,使热输管道的能耗成本结构发生了较大变化。在新的能耗价格体系中,是否继续通过严格控制进站温度来降低能耗成本及如何更合理地制定运行方案,就这些问题对秦京输油管道的实际运行工况进行了分析。对淡同油电价格下各种运行方式的单位能耗成本及运行方式进行了比较,对经济进站温度进行了测算,给出了经济的泵组合运行方式及最佳进站温度的控制范围。     

植物工厂立体栽培系统多功能作业平台优化与试验

植物工厂中多采用立体栽培架进行育苗与栽培,立体栽培架上的栽培床搬运是其中重要一环.目前,栽培床多为人工搬运,存在劳动强度大、自动化水平低等问题.针对此问题,该研究研制了一种多功能作业平台,可实现自主循迹、定位和栽培床的自动搬运和输送.根据栽培床质量和立体栽培架高度要求,设计了升降机构,并确定了关键参数;研究了栽培床自动...     

基于层次分析法的哈尔滨市现代农业发展综合评价

哈尔滨市作为农业大省黑龙江的省会城市,要实现保证国家粮食安全、建设社会主义新农村等目标,必须要加快农业现代化建设。本文通过建立现代农业发展评价的指标体系和基于层次分析法确立权重的综合评价模型,利用1995-2008年数据对哈尔滨市现代农业发展现状进行评价后认为,哈尔滨市现代农业发展始终在进步,各子系统的发展也非常均衡,特别是农业经营水平和新型农民的发展水平比较高。今后应重点加强科技投入和产业结构调整,进行产业化经营。