藏北地区草地资源及其合理利用

本文论述了藏北地区草地资源的类型、数量、分布和载畜潜力，分析了存在的主要问题的继续发展的基本因素，提出了挖掘资源潜力、实行季节性畜徼业、增加草地投入等具体措施。     

华南蚕区蚕沙产地无害化和肥料化处理技术体系构建思路

调查华南蚕区现有的蚕沙处理主要有分散简易堆肥、沼气发酵和集中资源化利用处理3种模式。针对该蚕区高温多湿的环境,以及一年多次养蚕,蚕沙生产量大的情况,提出因地制宜,采用简易蚕沙池改造升级、小型设施堆肥处理、小规模集约化堆肥处理等多种模式相结合的蚕沙好氧堆肥处理技术,并通过蚕沙堆肥过程与条件的控制,达到蚕沙病原菌灭活无害化、蚕沙堆肥发酵完全熟化和蚕沙作为桑园肥料应用无风险的目的,构建蚕沙产地无害化和肥料化处理技术体系。     

长江源头草地类型及利用意见

长江发源于被称为生命“禁区”的唐古拉山地区,海拔高,气候恶劣。本文是作者在1986年实地考察唐古拉山地区草地资源的基础上,较全面的介绍了长江源头地区的草地类型、面积、分布规律等资料,并根据该地实际提出了进一步开发利用的意见。     

浅论优质牧草在肉牛饲养中的利用

针对我国肉牛饲养在饲料利用中的误区,结合肉牛的消化及代谢特点,分析了牧草的鲜喂、青贮、干草饲喂以及综合利用4种不同的利用方式及其营养特点,指出优质牧草用于肉牛饲养能充分发挥牧草的优良特性,而且符合我国畜牧业发展要求,值得广泛推广.     

内蒙古自治区畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用的对策与建议

畜牧产业是内蒙古自治区的支柱产业之一,随着畜牧业快速发展,畜禽粪污产量持续增加,导致粪污污染日益严重,因此,畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用显得尤为迫切和重要。调研了内蒙古自治区11个旗（县、区）、95户大中型规模化养殖企业,并通过文献查阅及专家咨询等方式调研了3 700户规模化养殖企业,从内蒙古自治区畜禽粪污的基本特征、畜禽粪污资源化利用主要特征和对策与建议方面分析了自治区畜禽养殖粪污及资源化利用的情况。     

Effect of feeding forest foliages, rice straw and concentrate-based total mixed ration on nutrient utilization and growth in mithun (Bos frontalis)

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding Borrena hirticulata (BH), Ficus hirta (FH), rice straw (RS) and concentrate-based total mixed ration (TMR) on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and growth in mithun. Growing male mithun calves were randomly allotted to 2 feeding groups (6 in each), TMR₁ and TMR₂. The TMRs consisted of RS 300 g kg^− 1, concentrate 400 g kg^− 1 and BH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₁) or FH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₂) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Both TMRs were fed ad libitum to the animals for 121 d and a digestibility study was conducted during the last 7 d of the experiment. To assess rumen fermentation, rumen fluid was collected at 2 h interval for 24 h. Apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) did not differ significantly between the TMRs. Nevertheless, apparent digestibility of ether extract was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) greater in TMR₂ (0.59) compared to TMR₁ (0.54). Body weight gain (BWG; g d^− 1), DM intake (kg d^− 1), CP intake (g d^− 1) and feed efficiency (kg feed kg^− 1 gain) were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in TMR₁ (548, 5.14, 713 and 9.28) compared to TMR₂ (496, 4.91, 703 and 10.03). An insignificant positive association (r = 0.35) between DM intake and BWG, but a significant (P < 0.01) positive association (r = 0.74) between CP intake and BWG were evident. Rumen pH (5.71 to 7.18) and ammonia-nitrogen (8.0 to 25.0 mg/dl) did not differ significantly between the TMRs, but differed significantly (P < 0.01) at different h post-feeding. In contrast, rumen total volatile fatty acid (42 to 105 mM) and total nitrogen (40.4 to 90.3 mg/dl) differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the TMRs and at different h post-feeding. The study revealed that BH, FH, RS and concentrate-based TMRs may be fed to mithun for satisfactory growth.     

Effect of fructo‐oligosaccharides on nutrient digestibility and digesta retention time in adult guinea pigs

A previous study suggested that addition of fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) to the diet improved nitrogen (N) utilization and decreased acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility in guinea pigs. The present study was conducted to clarify the relationship between ADF digestibility and gastrointestinal mean retention time (MRT) in guinea pigs under FOS supplementation. Adult male guinea pigs were fed a commercial diet (50 g/day) with either 5% glucose (glucose group) or 5% FOS (FOS group) for 12 days in individual metabolism cages. Unlike the glucose group, N utilization improved, but ADF digestibility significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the FOS group. MRT of solid digesta also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the FOS group compared with that in the glucose group. We concluded that reduction of MRT of solid digesta containing FOS decreased ADF digestibility in guinea pigs.     

施K对苜蓿N,P,K吸收利用及其抗蓟马的影响

为探究施K后苜蓿对N,P,K吸收利用以及苜蓿(Medicago L.)抗蓟马的影响,本试验以‘甘农9号’紫花苜蓿为试验材料,于牛角花齿蓟马持续为害14 d和21 d时,评价K0,K1,K2,K3,K4水平下苜蓿的受害指数,测量苜蓿植株叶茎根生物量及N,P,K含量。结果表明：施K后,苜蓿的受害指数显著下降(P<0.05),在K2水平最低;叶茎根生物量显著增加。施K后,叶中的P,K含量呈升高趋势,N含量呈下降趋势。蓟马为害14 d时,根中的N,P,K含量呈升高趋势;为害21 d时,根中N含量显著降低(P<0.05),P,K含量(除K3和K4水平)显著低于K0 (P<0.05)。施K后,苜蓿叶茎根中N,P,K吸收量均呈升高趋势。随着为害时间持续增加,生物量及N,P,K吸收量向根系分配量增加。K促进了苜蓿对N,P,K的吸收利用及其在各器官中的合理分配,有效提高了苜蓿的补偿生长,增强了苜蓿对蓟马的耐受性。     

海南黄牛种质资源的保护和利用探讨

本文阐述了海南黄牛的品种特性与发展现状,讨论了海南黄牛种质退化原因,提出了海南黄牛种质资源保护和开发利用策略,探讨了热带气候条件下海南黄牛种质资源保护的具体措施。     

武汉市规模猪场粪水资源化利用典型模式探析

为有效控制规模猪场生产中产生的粪水对环境的影响,加快推进规模猪场粪水资源化利用,促进一、二、三产业融合,文章立足于武汉市规模猪场粪水资源化利用实际,选取规模猪场粪水资源化利用典型模式进行分析,以期为提高规模猪场粪水资源化利用提供借鉴.