影响中密度纤维板翘曲变形的因素

本文论述了影响中密度纤维板翘曲变形的因素，并提出了相关的应对措施。     

New mitigation measures reducing seabird by‐catch in trawl fisheries

This paper provides an update on an earlier review [Fish & Fisheries 8 (2007) 31] of mitigation methods used to reduce seabird by‐catch in trawl fisheries. Interactions of seabirds with trawl vessels fall into two broad categories: those focused on the trawl warps and those focused around trawl nets. For reducing seabird strikes on trawl warps, the use of bird‐scaring lines has been proved to be the most effective mitigation device in the trawl fisheries in which comparative studies have been undertaken. However, the retention or strategic management of fish waste (offal and discards) is recommended as the most effective primary measure for by‐catch reduction, and as such should be viewed as the best long‐term solution to reducing seabird by‐catch in trawl fisheries. Coincident with effective fish waste management, measures such as cleaning the net prior to shooting and reducing the time the net is on the surface should be viewed as best practice measures and incorporated into normal fishing activities. While a number of methods have been trialled to reduce the incidence of warp strikes, there continues to be the need for more work on effective measures for reducing interactions of seabirds with the trawl net.     

滴头性能综合测试平台构建及其在水力特性研究中的应用

在对国内外滴头性能测试系统进行深入分析的基础上,构建了面向滴头性能研究的综合测试平台,并利用该系统对目前中国农业灌溉领域最为典型的8种迷宫式流道滴头水力性能进行了研究,结果表明测试系统完全符合滴头流量-压力测试要求;升压、降压两种工作方式对滴头出流的有一定影响,但未达到显著水平;经典的流量-压力关系模型完全适合于1.5～15.0 m压力区间;从水力学角度来看,8种滴头能够满足微重力滴灌滴头的要求;滴头流量偏差系数在整个压力区间范围内都在一定数值附近,制造偏差是属于滴头本身的特性,并不随滴头进口压力的变化而变化,用流量偏差系数完全可以反映这种特性.     

云南哀牢山湿性常绿阔叶林土壤碳分布特征

通过调查亚热带森林生态系统中各类属性土壤碳在2种不同类型土壤剖面中的分布规律,分析和探讨原生土和淤积土在森林土壤碳循环过程中发挥的重要作用。本研究地点位于云南省哀牢山亚热带中山湿性常绿阔叶原生林生态系统,以海拔高度较高的上游森林原生土和海拔高度较低的下游灌草淤积土为采样点,沿着土壤剖面分层取样,重点研究土壤剖面根层(0~45 cm)土壤中全碳、活性有机碳、微生物量碳、可溶性碳和水溶性碳的垂直分布规律。研究结果表明：本研究过程中所调查的5类不同属性土壤碳在两种不同类型土壤剖面中均呈衰减指数式分布。土壤全碳、活性有机碳和水溶性碳在淤积土中的平均含量均显著高于原生土;土壤微生物量碳在2种类型土壤剖面中的平均含量差异不显著;而土壤可溶性碳在淤积土中的含量显著低于原生土,说明在哀牢山亚热带中山湿性常绿阔叶原生林生态系统中原生土和淤积土在储存不同属性土壤碳和碳循环方面发挥着不同作用。本研究结果充分证明不同属性土壤碳在同一亚热带森林生态系统不同类型土壤剖面中虽然垂直分布规律一致,但是平均储量存在着明显的空间异质性,这为全球热带和亚热带森林生态系统中土壤碳库不同属性土壤碳的估算和不同类型土壤碳循环的研究提供新的理论依据和研究方向。     

基于偏移活化能理论研究干燥热湿传递特性

根据非平衡热力学理论和偏移活化能理论,建立了描述多孔介质对流干燥内部传热传质过程的数学模型,并对其进行分析求解。该模型充分考虑了传热与传质之间的相互耦合,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,能准确预测干燥过程中马铃薯的含湿量变化。研究表明,偏移活化能方法能有效地探索干燥机理和研究物料工业干燥特性,为干燥动力学的研究确定优化方案提供理论基础与技术依据。     

Changes of pulling-out length and shrinkage ratio in polyester/spandex power net warp knitted fabrics

Power net fabric is one of the highly extensible two-way fabrics. Power net structure shows special characteristics in the wearing of final functional clothes. This research evaluated effects of treatment temperature on proportional extensibility and shrinkage ratio of spandex at a given wale length. As treatment temperature increased, extensibility increased proportionally to the standard length of the sample and the shrinkage ratio in the direction of course and wale increased. The pulling-out length increased proportionally to the standard length of the sample. However it was affected by the effect of treatment time and temperature due to the thermal properties of spandex filament yarn.