基于阶段输出系数模型的农业非点源污染负荷估算与评价——以四川省为例

传统的农业非点源污染负荷输出系数模型无法实现农业非点源污染阶段负荷估算。本研究综合考虑农业用地、畜禽养殖和农村生活,从产生、流失、入河3阶段分别建立了农业非点源污染负荷估算模型,并以四川省为例,估算了2012年农业非点源TN（总氮）、TP（总磷）3个阶段的污染负荷量,分析了其主要来源及污染区域。结果显示,产生阶段中农业用地是主要污染源,遂宁、巴中、雅安和德阳产生负荷强度较高。流失和入河阶段中畜禽养殖成为主要污染源,阿坝流失负荷强度最大,遂宁水质受农业非点源污染影响最严重。研究表明,阶段输出系数模型能简便可靠地实现农业非点源污染阶段负荷估算。该研究可为农业非点源污染的源头控制、迁移过程控制和受纳水体修复提供支撑。     

Weak effects of habitat type on susceptibility to invasive freshwater species: an Italian case study

相似文献   

Integrating preventive and curative non‐chemical weed control strategies for concrete block pavements

Reduction in herbicide use in non‐agricultural areas is being imposed by a growing number of governments, triggering the development of alternative strategies for weed prevention and control. This study aimed to determine the weed preventive abilities of different paving types, the required treatment frequency of non‐chemical weed control scenarios on these pavements and the associated weed species composition. A test parking area, constructed with four concrete paving types, was sown with a mixture of dominant weed species. Six scenarios with repeated use of a single weed control method (brushing with waste removal, hot air, selective application of hot water and three scenarios with flaming) and two scenarios with alternating use of brushes and hot air were applied to control the weeds during two growing seasons. Treatments were applied at well‐defined intervention moments, based upon weed development. Over 2 years, the paving types differed in weed coverage (up to a fourfold difference) and required varying treatment frequency (up to a 11‐fold difference) with lowest values for pavings with porous pavers. Within most paving types, up to 28% lower treatment frequencies were found for selective application of hot water, as compared with all other single method scenarios. Shifts in weed composition occurred in plots treated repeatedly with the same technique. Paving type determined the chances for the establishment of different weed species and alternating non‐chemical control methods with different modes of action offered the best opportunity to keep weeds under control.     

Reduced weed growth with different paving constructions

The recent phaseout of herbicide use on public pavements in Flanders has triggered the development of alternative weed control strategies. Besides the search for effective non‐chemical curative methods, there is also a need for strategies that prevent or reduce weed growth on pavements. In this study a paving experiment was set up under a rain shelter to investigate the effects of four construction factors on weed growth: joint filling material, joint width, organic pollution of the joint filling material and type of bedding layer. Paving mini‐plots were oversown with a mixture of dominant, hard‐to‐control weed species found on pavements. The inhibitory effect on weeds was determined by examining initial weed density and weed coverage over a 2‐year period. More weed growth was found in pavings with wide joints and organically polluted joint filling materials. High permeability of the bedding layer resulted in higher weed cover. The coarse‐grained filling materials and the sodium silicate‐enriched sand Dansand^® were associated with less weed cover than the fine‐grained filling materials. Our results show there is potential for preventing weed growth using suitable paving materials and appropriate high‐standard construction and maintenance of pavements.     

中国传统家具木作结构与工艺解析——圈椅篇

实录法和解析法的结合运用对圈椅木作结构和工艺进行典型性案例式保护与研究是一种有效途径。该方法对圈椅结构、工序和工艺进行了完整详实的记录和整理,并从使用功能性、结构与工艺科学性和艺术性角度对其进行系统的解析。论文成果为非物质文化遗产——中国传统家具结构和工艺保护的组成部分,对于现代中式家具结构和工艺的继承与发展具有重要的参考和指导价值。     

Free Vibration of Non uniform Timoshenko Cantilever Beams

In order to consider the effect of shearing deformation and rotating inertia, an approximate method, which is based on modal perturbation method, is proposed for the free vibration analysis of non uniform Timoshenko cantilever beams. With the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of uniform Euler beams, a set of partial differential characteristic equations of non uniform Timoshenko beams is transformed into a set of algebraic equations for solutions of non uniform Timoshenko beams. The method can solve the dynamic characteristics of beams with complicated cross section, whether the cross section variation is continuous or discontinuous. At the end, two types of beams, namely (a) discontinuous variation of thickness and (b) continuous and linear variation, are analyzed and shown that the method is simple, practicable and owns good precision.     

The alkaloid Ageladine A, originally isolated from marine sponges, used for pH-sensitive imaging of transparent marine animals

The brominated pyrrole-imidazole Ageladine A was used for live imaging of the jellyfish (jellies) Nausithoe werneri, the sea anemone Metridium senile and the flatworm Macrostomum lignano. The fluorescence properties of Ageladine A allow for estimation of pH values in tissue and organs in living animals. The results showed that Nausithoe werneri had the most acidic areas in the tentacles and close to the mouth (pH 4-6.5), Metridium senile harbours aggregates of high acidity in the tentacles (pH 5) and in Macrostomum lignano, the rhabdoids, the gonads and areas close to the mouth were the most acidic with values down to pH 5.     

Dinoflagellate cysts in ballast sediments: differences between Canada's east coast,west coast and the Great Lakes

相似文献   

Invasive dynamics of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) in the international section of the River Minho (NW of the Iberian Peninsula)

相似文献   

Nutritional value and production of three species of purple non‐sulphur bacteria grown in palm oil mill effluent and their application in rotifer culture

Three species of purple non‐sulphur bacteria (PB), Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, grown in palm oil mill effluent (POME) were successfully used for the first time as feed for rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis). Rp. palustris cultured in both POME and synthetic medium gave the highest rotifer density (332–395 individuals mL⁻¹) from 3 to 5 days at 10 g L⁻¹ salinity. Other PB cultured in synthetic medium generally support higher rotifer density than PB cultured in POME. Rb. sphaeroides had the highest biomass (1.91–3.34 g L⁻¹) and growth rate (0.64–1.11 g day⁻¹) in both types of culture medium. Nevertheless, only Rv. sulfidophilum grown in POME contained both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), indicating its ability to biosynthesize them from POME nutrients. Rotifers fed Rv. sulfidophilum grown in POME had significantly higher amounts of protein, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA than rotifers fed Rv. sulfidophilum grown in synthetic medium. The nutritional profile of lipid‐deficient PB can be improved by growing them in POME, and these enriched PB produced at an estimated cost of USD 8.71–35.35 kg⁻¹ dry biomass, depending on species, can support rotifer production in a batch culture system.