万家寨能源基地不同立地类型对新疆杨生长的影响

文章介绍了万家寨水利枢纽能源基地在不同的立地类型、不同的土壤质地条件下新疆杨生长情况。分析研究了在荒漠化区、干旱、半干旱黄主立改区影响新疆杨生长的主要立地因子，并提出一些合理配置造林树种的建议。     

Management effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across the Orinoco savannas

Across the physiognomic types of the Orinoco llanos, periodic inventories and changes in land-use between 1982–1992 are estimated. Results indicate that the area under pastures and forest plantations is increased by 0.005337×10⁶ km², whilts reducing the area of croplands by 0.000119×10⁶ km². This is a net increase of 0.005218×10⁶ km². The gross carbon release is 174.66 Tg C per year to the atmosphere and transferring from cultivated and native vegetation to wood products (1.62 Tg C per year) and slash (1.18 Tg C per year). The processes of land preparation contribute 1.40 Tg C per year to the atmosphere. From the tree savannas, woodlands and forests 0.73 Tg C per year are estimated to have been transferred to the soil following clearance and burning over this period, and 1.05 Tg C per year from herbaceous savannas when were buried and decomposed at 0.84 Tg C per year. The estimate of carbon balance here by inventories and changes in land-use approach indicates that the Orinoco llanos is a sink of −17.53 Tg C per year. The carbon turnover time in the Orinoco system is 68 years, which provides a limited route for carbon sequestration. The calculated potential of the Orinoco llanos for storing carbon is 8300 Tg C. Ecological options to achieve this potential value are addressed. However, nutrient deficiency and seasonal water supply are serious drawbacks to take into account for increasing carbon accretion. These results are particular for the Orinoco llanos, even though described processes could be similar to world-wide savannas, where a gradient of carbon heterogeneity exists.     

Rapid production of high-strength cement-bonded particleboard using gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide

This study deals with the effects of curing treatment with gaseous and supercritical carbon dioxide on the properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) manufactured by the conventional cold-pressing method. The hydration of cement and the mechanism of improvement were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The results are as follows: (1) The curing of cement was accelerated concomitantly with the improvement in mechanical and dimensional properties of CBP significantly by curing with gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide. (2) Supercritical carbon dioxide curing imparted boards optimal properties at a faster rate than did gaseous curing. (3) Accelerated formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium carbonate and the interlocking of those hydration products on the wood surface are potentially the main reasons for the superior strength of carbon dioxide-cured boards.     

Effect of alley cropping on soil aggregate stability of a tropical Alfisol

The beneficial effect of organic matter on soil aggregate stability is well documented. Alley cropping has been suggested as a possible alternative to maintain soil organic matter content in cropping systems without fallowing the land. The objective of this study was to asses the effect of alley cropping on dry and wet soil aggregate stability on land degraded by shifting cultivation. The aggregate size distribution by dry sieving, aggregate stability by wet sieving, soil organic Carbon content and soil bulk density were measured following two and three years of alley cropping with Gliricedia (Gliricidia sepium) and Pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan) in a tropical Rhodustalf. Alley cropping increased the mean aggregate diameter and water stability of soil aggregates. The mean aggregate diameter obtained from dry sieving increased from 1.3 mm of the control to 2.68 and 3.11 mm after three years in Pigeon pea and Gliricidia alley cropped plots, respectively. This is an indication of resistance to wind erosion in alley cropped plots. The wet aggregate stability which shows the resistance to erosion by water also increased in alley cropped plots. These increases were significant after three years of hedge row establishment. The increase in soil organic C in alley cropped plots contributed to the higher dry and wet aggregate stability, and decreased soil bulk density. The improvement was higher in plots alley cropped with Gliricidia than Pigeon pea. This study shows the importance of ally cropping in increasing aggregate stability of degraded sandy soils which in return reduce erosion by wind and water.     

外生菌根真菌彩色豆马勃优良菌株营养源的研究*

通过Ｐ．ｔ．优良菌株９１０９在不同培养基上生长速度、培养特性及其生长规律的研究，筛选出生长最佳培养基作为基础培养基，进行Ｃ、Ｎ营养研究，试验结果表明：Ｐ．ｔ．９１０９不仅能利用单糖、低聚糖和无机Ｎ等速效Ｃ、Ｎ源，而且能利用多糖、多元醇和有机Ｎ等长效Ｃ、Ｎ源。其菌丝生长最适Ｃ源是玉米粉和甘露糖；最适Ｎ源是蛋白胨和氯化铵。在无机Ｎ利用中，对硝态Ｎ和铵态Ｎ的利用无显著差异。应用Ｌ１６（４５）正交设计确定了Ｐ．ｔ．９１０９菌丝生长的最佳营养配方，菌丝增殖高达８６０倍，不但提高菌丝生物产量，而且节省了原料，降低了成本，为改进Ｐ．ｔ．菌剂生产配方和研制新型菌剂提供了最佳营养条件。     

快速测定活性炭对环己烷吸附荷量的方法：迎头色谱穿透曲线法

长期以来都是通过测定四氯化碳荷量或吸苯率，来评价用于气相吸附活性炭的吸附性能。由于四氯化碳是剧毒试剂，苯是致癌物质、所以本文改用环己烷作为吸附质，通过测定各种活性炭对环己烷的吸附等温线，详细讲话他环己烷荷量作为评价活性炭吸附性能的条件。并介绍了快速测定活性炭对环己烷的吸附荷量的迎头色谱穿透曲线法。     

MS微滤材料在活性炭废水治理中的应用与研究

详尽论述了以ＭＳ微滤材料为核心的过滤器代替沉淀地治理活性炭废水的应用与实效，利用过滤法回收活性炭，活性炭回收率高达９９％，同时实现出水回用；社会和经济效益大，从根本上改变了劳动条件。     

不同套袋处理对甜柿果实品质的影响

为探讨套袋对甜柿果实品质的影响,采用9种果袋,于7月10日统一对'富有'甜柿果实进行套袋试验,10月7日去袋,至11月7日果实成熟时统一采摘。研究结果表明:采前30 d去袋的套袋处理利于甜柿果实着色,双层袋处理5使果实呈典型的橙黄色。果皮中色素与色泽呈显著相关性。单层袋处理7极显著降低了果面锈斑率及病褐斑发生率。套袋降低了甜柿果实内可溶性固形物和还原糖含量,以双层袋的降低效应较为明显。单层袋及双层袋处理6显著提高了果实内可溶性总糖和维生素C含量。各果袋均利于提高甜柿果实内游离氨基酸和蛋白质含量,单层袋处理7使果实内蛋白质的含量达到6.1×10-3 mg·g-1,达到显著差异水平。双层袋处理6除对Zn的含量有降低外, 均明显提高其它各类矿质元素的含量。综合考虑各项指标得出,白色复合纸单层袋最适于提高甜柿果实的内外品质,外黄内白双层袋次之。     

Estimated stocks of organic carbon in mangrove roots and sediments in Hinchinbrook Channel,Australia

Aboveground and belowground root biomasses (Babove and Broot) were measured for young, isolated Rhizophorastylosa on Iriomote Island, Japan. The relationship between these two parameters was significant and given as the equation, Broot(g dry weight) = 0.394 × Babove(g dry weight) – 485 (r = 0.986). Multiple regression analyses also revealed good correlation between diameter and biomass of prop roots (Dprop and Bprop) and between prop root and root biomasses. Consequently, root biomass could be estimated from the measurements of diameter and biomass of prop roots using the multiple regression equation, Broot(g dry weight) = 80.0 ×Dprop(cm) + 0.86 ×Bprop (g dry weight) – 251. The relationship between DBH (diameter at breast height) and prop root biomass was also adequately described using an allometric equation.In Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia, redox potential (measured as Eh) and organic carbon stocks in the top 5cm of mangrove sediments were measured along a 600m transect from the frequently inundated, Rhizophora dominated zone on the creek edge, towards higher grounds, where Ceriops spp. became increasingly dominant. Eh values were about –60mV near the creek edge and increased to 260mV on higher grounds. Organic carbon stocks showed an opposite trend to Eh, with the values decreasing from about 360tCha–1 to 160tCha–1. At 18 sites, representing six different habitats, organic carbon stocks were also measured along with the DBH of mangrove trees. DBH was converted into aboveground biomass and then into root biomass using the equations obtained in the study on Iriomote Island. The average organic carbon stocks in the top 50 cm of sediments, aboveground biomass and root biomass were 296tCha–1, 123 tCha–1 and 52 tCha–1, respectively, and accounted for 64%, 25% and 11% of the total organic carbon stock.     

松根炭制维尼纶载体活性炭的研究

作为维尼纶合成中的载体活性炭，其强度和孔径分布要求十分严格，所以需要使用椰壳活性炭。本研究的目的就是制造一种活性炭来代替它。实验证明，松根炭制成的活性炭可以作为载体活性炭。其关键是粘结剂、辅助试剂和活化条件的选择。