Influence of transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk on content of NO and expression of NOS in placenta of rats with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome

AIM:To observe the influence of transection of the cervical sympathetic track (TCST) on the content of NO and the expression of eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA in placenta of the rats with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH).METHODS: Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (C): saline was injected subcutaneously from 14th day to 20th day of gestation;PIH group 1 (H1) and group 2 (H2): L-NAME was respectively injected with 125 mg/kg and 62.5 mg/kg,respectively,then the other procedures were the same as group C;Operation group (O): TCST was operated on 14th day of the gestation,then the other procedures were the same as group H1;sham operation group (S): the cervical sympathetic trunk was only separated and exposed on 14th day of the gestation,then the other procedures were the same as group H1.RESULTS: (1) Except the base value of the BP and protein in urine of the pregnant rats,all the parameters observed in group H1 and H2 were higher than those in group C significantly (P<0.01),and in group H2 were lower than those in group B1 markedly (P<0.01).(2) In comparison with those in group C,the size and body weigh of fetus in group H1,H2 decreased markedly (P<0.01).The above indexes in group H1 were lower than those in group H2 markedly (P<0.01,P<0.05).The changes of the rate of embryo absorption and fetal death,and deformity rate of the fetal rats were contrary to the above indexes.(3) The content of NO and the expression of eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA in placenta in group H1 and H2 were lower than those in group C markedly (P<0.01).Those in group H1 were lower than those in group H2 obviously (P<0.01,P<0.05).Those in group O were higher than those in group H1 markedly (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: TCST protects pregnant rats against PIH,and it was related to the mRNA expression of eNOS and iNOS and the content of NO in placenta tissue.     

Induction of antiviral resistance and stimulary effect by oligochitosan in tobacco

Oligochitosan was applied by spraying it on tobacco leaves for inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The maximum inhibition of TMV by oligochitosan was observed when inoculation occurred at 24 h after spraying 50 μg ml⁻¹ oligochitosan. The production of H₂O₂ and NO in epidermal tobacco cells induced by oligochitosan was investigated by epidermal strip bioassay and LSCM, using cell permeable fluorophore diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2D) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H₂DCF-DA), respectively. Epidermal tobacco cells treated with oligochitosan resulted in a strong increase of intracellular NO and H₂O₂. Oligochitosan and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the defense reaction against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. Co-treatment of the tobacco cells with oligochitosan and NO scavenger CPTIO blocked the inducing resistance. The results indicated that the defense response induced by oligochitosan was connected with NO pathway.     

Renoprotective effects of sesamin on renal hypertensive and hyperlipidemic rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of sesamin on progression of renal injury in renal hypertensive and hyperlipidemic rats (RHHR). METHODS: RHHR was induced by 2K1C and high lipid baitvessel. After 7 weeks of intragastric administration with sesamin, the contents of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24 h urinary protein excretion (UPE) were measured. In addition, the activity of total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in renal homogenate were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, seasamin (in 100 mg·kg-1 and 33 mg·kg-1 groups) evidently decreased the contents of Scr, BUN, UP and the concentration of MDA, iNOS, H2O2 in renal tissure. It also improved the levels of NO, cNOS and activity of SOD, T-AOC in renal tissure. CONCLUSION: Sesamin ameliorates hypertensive and hyperlipidemic-induced renal injury, probably by enhancing antioxidative activity, scavenging hydroxyl radical and restraining iNOS level.     

Role of PARP in endothelial cell apoptosis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ

AIM: To explore the role of poly-(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) in the cultured endothelial cell apoptosis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ.METHODS: The cultured endothelial cells were treated with angiotensin Ⅱ at concentration of 1 μmol/L.The apoptosis of endothelial cells was assessed by TUNEL.Meanwhile,the activity of PARP and the content of nitric oxide (NO) were also measured.RESULTS: Angiotensin Ⅱ induced apoptosis in endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner.The content of NO begun to increase at 6 h (P<0.05),and peaked at 24 h.The activity of PARP also increased at 6 h (P<0.05),peaked at 12 h,and was lower than that in the control at 48 h (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The cytotoxicity of NO has a relevant role in apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by angiotensin Ⅱ,and can increases the activity of PARP.     

湖南省SO2污染现状、排放强度地理分布及趋势预测

以湖南省1990-1999年的SO2监测和统计数据为基础,对湖南省排放SO2的现状进行了分析,计算了湖南省各地区SO2排放强度,并对湖南省今后SO2排放趋势进行了预测.结果表明,湖南省SO2污染最为严重的地带是处于沅江和澧水流域的吉首和洪江南北走廊带,其次是以长沙为中心的湘江谷地;排放强度最大的区域位于湖南省中部的娄底、湘潭和株洲等地,排放强度大于10.0 t/km2·a,其次是岳阳,排放强度在7.50～10.0 t/km2·a之间.预测结果显示,湖南省SO2排放量在2005年将达到77.15×104 t,到2010年将达到92.41×104 t.     

我国碳排放研究现状的文献计量分析

运用文献计量学方法考察1989~2010年公开发表在CNKI、维普和万方三大数据库的我国碳排放研究文献,较为系统地分析我国碳排放研究发文年度分布、期刊分布、高产作者及引文分布等问题,同时通过关键词统计分析,初步揭示出碳排放研究的新方向。     

Comparing chamber and eddy covariance based net ecosystem CO2 exchange of fen soils

Due to their high emission potential, the reporting of CO₂ emissions from peatlands requires exact emission factors for different land use categories. Recently used emission factors are mainly based on CO₂ flux measurements by chamber techniques or the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method. However, evidence about the reliability and comparability of annual CO₂ balances based on these methods is scarce. Therefore, manual chamber measurements of ecosystem respiration (R_ECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were conducted for two years (March 2012–April 2014) to model annual balances of two sites on fen soils with different land use intensity in northern Germany: an unutilized and rewetted grassland (UG) and an intensively utilized wet grassland (GW). Simultaneously, EC measurements of NEE were conducted on the sites. Two reasons for occasionally great deviations in NEE between the methods could be observed: (1) the accordance of both methods was most hampered during transition periods such as the beginning of the growing season and the onset of regrowth after a grassland defoliation due to different spatial scales of EC and chamber measurements and (2) R_ECO and gross primary production (GPP) partitioned from EC NEE measurements were systematically lower than those from the chamber‐based model, which could be a result of the EC energy balance gap. Differences were more pronounced for the managed site GW as a result of more frequent regrowth periods. It is concluded that the EC and chamber method can show comparable results for the CO₂ exchange of grasslands on fen soils when the limitations of both methods are known and considered for the reporting of emission factors. These limitations are due to energy balance closure and potentially biased footprints for EC and a restricted representativeness especially during early stages of plant development for the chamber method.     

活性氧和一氧化氮在植物——病原体互作反应中的作用

植物被病原体感染后，植物体内活性氧产量急剧增加，这一现象被称为氧爆。活性氧族包括如单线态氧1O2、超氧阴离子自由基O2-.、氢过氧自由基HO2·、过氧化氢H2O2、羟自由基·OH等。与ROS关系密切的一氧化氮，属于活性氮族。ROS和NO参与植物生长发育调控和对环境胁迫的应答反应，特别是在对抗外来病原体的入侵的防卫过程中发挥了重要作用。本文主要讨论ROS和NO在植物与病原体相互作用中发挥的作用。     

K均值和分层聚类法在大米产地鉴别中的应用

大米称誉为"五谷之首",是我国的主要粮食作物。大米产地鉴别方法的研究对于保护广大消费者和生产厂家的利益、推动我国大米出口业的发展等都具有重要意义。为此,选取了19个响水大米样品和10个非响水大米样品,使用等离子体原子发射光谱的方法测定了样品中P,B,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Na,K,Mg和Ca等10种微量元素的含量,并利用样品中的微量元素含量数据,使用K-Means聚类法和Hierarchical聚类法对大米样品进行了聚类分析。结果表明,K-Means和Hierarchical聚类法对于样品有聚类趋势。研究结果能够为大米生产厂商与质检部门鉴别大米产地提供参考和借鉴。