不同肥料与芸苔素内酯处理对5年生油茶光合和品质的影响

为了探索不同肥料和不同质量浓度芸苔素内酯（BRs）在油茶Camellia oleifera优良无性系上的运用最佳效果,选择5年生‘长林4号’‘长林18号’和‘长林166号’优良无性系油茶品种,采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计,对它们分别施生物有机肥、油茶专用肥及复合肥和叶面喷施0.067,0.033和0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯,然后测定各处理油茶叶片日光合速率和油茶茶果的各项指标,并对测得数据进行相应的分析和总结。结果表明：①净光合速率最高处理是‘长林166号’品系,施复合肥和喷施0.067 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;②百粒质量最大处理是‘长林18号’品系,施有机肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;③出籽率最高处理是‘长林18号’品系,施有机肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;④出仁率最高处理是‘长林166号’品系,施专用肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;⑤出油率最高处理是长林4号品系,施专用肥和喷施0.033 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯。表4参12     

小麦化肥减施与不同轮作方式的周年养分平衡及经济效益分析

[目的]研究小麦化肥减量条件下不同轮作方式土壤养分平衡及经济效益差异,探索适宜陕西关中小麦玉米轮作区的小麦轮作方式,为减少化肥投入,提高农民经济收入提供思路与科学依据.[方法]于2018-2020年在陕西武功镇开展田间试验,随机区组设计.设玉米-小麦轮作农户施肥(CWF)、玉米-小麦轮作推荐施肥(CWR)、绿肥-小麦轮...     

邵东县双季晚稻机插秧最佳施肥量试验初报

通过在邵东县魏家桥镇侯家村开展双季晚稻田间"3415"肥效试验,得出每亩最佳施肥 量为氮肥施8.31kg,磷肥3.11 kg,钾肥3.87 kg。N、P、K 比例为1:0.37:0.47。     

不同有机肥种类及用量对烟叶产质量的影响

通过田间试验,分析比较施用不同有机肥种类和用量对烟叶产质量的影响.结果表明:施用不同有机肥种类和用量对烤烟品质都有所改善,使用沼液水提苗追肥对促进烟株生长有显著作用;从烤烟产量、产值和烟叶质量的矛盾关系角度来看,施用厩肥7 500kg/hm2作基肥处理表现最好,其产量、产值分别达2 715 kg/hm2、45177.6...     

Accounting for residual effects of previously applied nitrogen fertilizer on intensively managed grasslands

Only 0·20–0·70 of the fertilizer-nitrogen (N) applied to grassland is taken up in herbage in the harvest directly following application. Residual effects at subsequent harvests can be large but are poorly quantified, and rarely taken into account in current management practices. An increased understanding of N-use efficiency per harvest can improve operational management. This study systematically assessed the residual effects of previously applied N fertilizer on N uptake, dry matter (DM) yield and soil mineral-N (SMN) during the whole of the growing season. It is based on field experiments conducted on peat and mineral soils in 1991–1994. Statistical models were derived for SMN, N uptake and DM yield as a function of previously and freshly applied N fertilizer. There were clear residual effects of previously applied N in later cuts. They were relatively greater at higher levels of N fertilizer. On peat soils, 0·15–0·25 of the N applied was recovered as SMN. On mineral soils the proportion was maximally 0·08. There was a clear relationship between SMN and N uptake in the subsequent cut on mineral soils but not on peat soils. The value of SMN as a tool to adjust fertilizer-N application rates was hence found to be limited. There were clear relationships between the amount of previously applied N and the N uptake in subsequent cuts, on both soil types and over the whole of the growing season. It was concluded that the total amount of previously applied N is a useful indicator for adjusting N-fertilizer application rates.     

Regrowth Rates of Timothy and Meadow Fescue as Related to the Content of Remaining Water-soluble Carbohydrates and Non-elongated Tillers

The relationship between regrowth rates and the content of water-soluble carbohydrates in stubble (WSC) and percentage of non-elongated tillers (PNT) was studied in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cut at different phenological stages. Single plants were grown in pots and cut outdoors and then regrown under controlled climatic conditions. The data for the dry matter production during the following 3 weeks were fitted to an expolinear growth equation to determine an initial maximum relative regrowth rate (R _m) and a daily maximum regrowth rate (C _m). C _m appeared to be positively correlated to PNT in both species, whereas R _m was increased with increasing WSC. For regrowth after later cuts of meadow fescue there was a positive contribution to R _m by PNT.     

氮肥与土壤改良剂配施对烤烟供肥特性和产质量的影响

为烤烟合理施用氮肥和土壤改良提供理论和技术依据,采用田间试验研究氮肥与土壤改良剂配施对烤烟产量、产值、上等烟比例、叶片氮磷钾含量、品质指标含量和土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,不施土壤改良剂和施用土壤改良剂的烟叶产量和产值均随着施氮量的增加而增加;烟叶均价和上等烟比例呈抛物线变化趋势,分别在施氮45.0、67.5 kg/hm2时最高;相同施氮量,施用土壤改良剂的烤烟产量和产值均高于不施土壤改良剂的,但施氮量超过67.5 kg/hm2时,会降低烤烟的均价和上等烟比例。在圆顶期和成熟期,随着施氮量增加,不施土壤改良剂和施用土壤改良剂的烤烟叶片含氮量、含磷量、含钾量均呈增加趋势;相同施氮量,相比不施土壤改良剂的,增施土壤改良剂的烤烟叶片含氮量、含磷量、含钾量均明显提高,中部叶和上部叶氯离子含量降低,土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量有所提高。本试验条件下,施氮量在67.5~90.0 kg/hm2,配施土壤改良剂30.0 kg/hm2时,土壤供肥能力强,烟叶品质好,烤烟的产量和产值均较高,分别为2487~2588 kg/hm2、43538~44202元/hm2。     

氮肥用量对小麦子粒产量和品质的影响

1984—1986年在淮北采用淮麦11号和郑州743品种,以亩产400—500公斤高产栽培施肥模式,研究了施氮量对产量和子粒品质的效应。结果表明:(1)玉米、稻茬麦亩施氮17.5—20公斤和22.5公斤,产量构成三因素组合最佳,产量最高,分别达450—533公斤和401公斤。施氮量与产量呈二次曲线关系,并求得最高产量施氮量为20—21公斤,最经济施氮量为17—18公斤。(2)本试验采用的推广品种和施肥模式,亩施氮量适当增加至17.5—22.5公斤,较不施氮处理提高子粒蛋白质含量2—3％,亩蛋白质和湿面筋产量分别增加1.29—2.16倍和1.75—2.9倍,同时子粒产量可提高77—158％。     

有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响

【目的】研究土壤速效养分、酶活性以及土壤中微生物总量与有机肥的关系,为提高农田土壤生物肥力、培肥土壤、实现土壤可持续利用及有机肥在农业生产实践中的推广应用提供参考。【方法】在控制条件下研究有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响。【结果】(1)通过有机肥的施用可明显提高土壤中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,促进小麦的生长发育。(2)通过有机肥的施用可明显提高土壤微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌)数量和土壤酶(蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶)活性。【结论】施用有机肥除了直接增加土壤有效养分和改善理化性质外,还对土壤生物和生物化学特性有明显的影响。     

生物有机肥对苹果幼苗生长、生理特性以及土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

为明确生物有机肥不同施入量对苹果幼苗长势及根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,以1年生'烟富8号'苹果幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置4个处理,即鸡粪CK[35 g/(kg·土)]、生物有机肥T1[23.3 g/(kg·土)]、T2[35 g/(kg·土)]及T3 [70 g/(kg·土)].结果 表明,生物有机肥增加苹...