施氮量对稻茬麦土壤速效磷质量分数及磷素平衡的影响

以宁麦9号和豫麦34为材料,研究施氮量(0、75、150、225、300kg·hm-2)对土壤速效磷质量分数变化、植株磷素吸收、土壤磷素平衡的影响。结果表明,各处理植株磷素吸收均以拔节至开花期为积累高峰期,且随施氮量增加,磷素吸收呈先增后降的趋势,以N225处理最高。磷肥施用显著提高0~40cm土层速效磷质量分数,随施氮量的增加,土壤速效磷质量分数呈降低趋势。土壤-小麦系统磷素平衡呈明显的阶段性,播种至拔节期磷素出现大量的盈余,拔节至成熟期磷素出现不同程度的表观亏缺。在全生育期,2品种磷素表观盈余量均以N225处理最低,N0处理最高。综合考虑小麦产量和磷素平衡特征,宁麦9号和豫麦34在105kg·hm-2的施磷量基础上可分别再降低P2O5用量7kg·hm-2和10kg·hm-2,配施225kg·hm-2施氮量,能够获得较高的小麦产量并减少磷素损失。     

澄城县小麦地土壤全氮含量空间分布的ArcGIS模拟

采用试验分析与地统计学方法对陕西省澄城县91个样区小麦土壤全氮含量进行了空间结构分析.结果表明:样点原始全氮值不符合正态分布,经Cox-box变换后符合正态分布;普通克里格插值法半变异函数符合圆型模型,函数块金值为3.79×10-3,偏基台值为4.15×10-3,变程为4 856m;澄城县调查样区96.7%的小麦地土壤全氮含量处于不同的缺乏状态.     

人类活动对河岸带植被氮磷生态化学计量特征的影响——以汾河临汾段为例

[目的]探究自然河岸带和强人工干扰河岸带土壤—植被系统氮、磷生态化学计量的变化规律,为该区域的河岸带修复和环境保护提供科学依据.[方法]利用相关分析和偏冗余分析等方法,以汾河临汾段典型河岸带为例,探讨自然河岸带及强人工干扰河岸带土壤—植被系统氮、磷含量的时空分布特性及其影响因素.[结果]河岸带植被总氮(TN),总磷(T...     

不同氮素水平对晚稻拟环纹豹蛛及稻飞虱种群动态的影响

以一等优质晚稻湘晚籼17号为试验材料,设置三个不同的氮肥水平,研究节氮条件下晚稻倒伏对拟环纹豹蛛种群动态的影响,以期为优质晚稻的绿色生产提供科学依据。结果表明,各生育时期拟环纹豹蛛种群数量均随施氮量的增加而显著减少,稻飞虱种群数量均随施氮量的增加而显著增加;直立植株的拟环纹豹蛛、稻飞虱种群数量随着晚稻生育进程的推进表现出先增后降的趋势,拟环纹豹蛛种群数量在齐穗期达到最大,稻飞虱种群数量在乳熟期达到最大;乳熟期水稻植株发生倒伏后,拟环纹豹蛛逐渐由直立植株迁移到倒伏植株,而稻飞虱则由倒伏植株迁移到直立植株,施氮量越高,倒伏指数越大,迁移越明显,倒伏植株与直立植株间的种群增长率越大,各处理间差异达显著水平。     

次黄嘌呤生物传感器检测鱼类新鲜度之研究

检测鱼类新鲜度的常规方法是测定其总挥发性盐基氮（ＴＶＢ－Ｎ）或细菌菌落总数，手续繁琐且代价较高，本文提出的方法是一种新颖的快速检测法。实验表明，在鱼的腐败过程中，总挥发性盐基氮（ＴＶＢ－Ｎ，国标）、细菌落落总数和次黄嘌呤（Ｈｘ）的量之间皆存在着良好的相关性。因此，鱼腐烂而累积于组织的次黄嘌呤量可以指示鱼类的新鲜度，生物传感器快速检测法将取代现有的常规手段。     

Estradiol-17β-induced calcium uptake and resorption in juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were injected with estradiol-17β (E₂) in order to study the source of extra calcium needed during vitellogenesis. E₂-treatment increased the calcium uptake from the external medium as well as calcium mobilization from muscle and scale. Judged by the increase in plasma protein-bound calcium levels, the E₂-induced increase in calcium uptake is an apparent over-mobilization of calcium, i.e., the calcium uptake of the fish is in excess of what is found bound to plasma proteins. As the calcium excretion and calcium space (calculated from free plasma calcium levels) were unaffected, the excess calcium is suggested to be incorporated into internal calcium stores. This implies that the systems regulating vitellogenesis and calcium balance are integrated on the mechanistic or endocrine level, and that E₂ causes calcium mobilization of a magnitude geared to the needs of the sexually maturing female.     

The effect of dietary protein on the growth and survival of the shrimp, Penaeus monodon in outdoor tanks

The comparative effect of reducing the protein content of formulated feed on the growth and survival of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and on water quality was tested in outdoor tanks. Three diets, 300, 350 and 400 g kg^?1 crude protein (CP), were fed to P. monodon (3.1 g animals, 25 animals per m²) in each of eight replicated outdoor 2500 L tanks in an 8‐week trial. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in shrimp growth rate (1.34–1.50 g week^?1), survival, or final biomass between the treatments. However, when tanks with lower survival were removed from the analysis (<60 and <80% were tested), shrimp growth rate was statistically higher (P < 0.05) in the 350 and 400 g kg^?1 CP diets than in the 300 g kg^?1 CP diet treatment. There were no differences in the nutritional condition of shrimp between treatments, as determined by moisture and protein content, and lipid content of the digestive gland. Using ¹⁵N‐nitrogen isotope tracers, it was determined that shrimp were consuming natural biota, although these were unlikely to have contributed substantially to their nutrition. Total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the water column increased over the eight week experiment and were statistically different (P < 0.001) between treatments (3.60, 5.17 and 6.45 mg L^?1 in the 300, 350 and 400 g kg^?1 CP treatments, respectively). Concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were also statistically different between treatments and made up 35–40% of the TN in the water column. Concentrations of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and oxides of nitrogen, and fluorescence were not statistically different between treatments but there was a trend of higher concentrations in treatments with higher protein levels. There was no difference in sediment nutrients between treatments. This study has shown that there is scope to reduce the protein content of P. monodon diets but only by 5–10%. However, further validation of these results in commercial ponds is needed. Reducing the feed protein content may result in cost savings and also has the advantage of improving water quality and reducing nitrogen discharge.     

周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平对内蒙古白绒山羊内源尿素氮循环和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平对内蒙古白绒山羊内源尿素氮循环和微生物蛋白质合成的影响。饲粮分为低(7.5%)、中(10.5%)和高(13.5%)3个蛋白质水平。选用9只体况良好,体重为(45.63±3.15)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,采用单因子随机区组试验设计分为3组,即中蛋白质饲粮组(对照组)、变动低蛋白质饲粮组(2 d低蛋白质饲粮—2 d高蛋白质饲粮,循环饲喂)、变动高蛋白质饲粮组(2 d高蛋白质饲粮—2 d低蛋白质饲粮,循环饲喂)。预试期16 d,正试期12 d。通过全收粪尿法、嘌呤衍生物法和同位素灌注法测定山羊氮代谢、内源尿素氮循环以及微生物蛋白质合成的变化。结果表明:1)中蛋白质饲粮组与变动蛋白质饲粮组比较,瘤胃液氨氮(NH3-N)浓度显著增加(P<0.05),粪氮、尿氮排出量显著增加(P<0.05),沉积氮/摄入氮显著降低(P<0.05),尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量和微生物蛋白质合成的量显著降低(P<0.05);2)变动低蛋白质饲粮组与变动高蛋白质饲粮组比较,瘤胃液NH3-N浓度显著降低(P<0.05);3)周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平后,进入胃肠道的尿素氮/肝脏合成的内源尿素氮显著增加(P<0.05),进入尿中的尿素氮/肝脏合成的内源尿素氮显著减少(P<0.05),返回鸟氨酸循环的尿素氮/进入胃肠道的尿素氮显著减少(P<0.05),用于再合成的尿素氮/进入胃肠道的尿素氮显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平有利于提高内蒙古白绒山羊氮利用率和微生物蛋白质合成量。     

玉米自交系B73丙酮酸磷酸双激酶基因的克隆及低氮对PPDK表达的影响

以玉米B73自交系为实验材料,克隆了玉米B73叶片C4型丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)基因即C4PPDK基因的c DNA全长并测序,研究了低氮胁迫对典型C4作物玉米PPDK蛋白表达的影响。结果表明,B73玉米C4PPDK基因有19个外显子,18个内含子。无论在高氮还是低氮条件下,玉米野生型与ppdk突变杂合子在表型上均无显著差异。野生型植株中PPDK表达量约为杂合子的2倍;与高氮处理相比,低氮处理下PPDK野生型和杂合子中PPDK蛋白表达量显著升高,表明PPDK蛋白可能参与了对低氮胁迫的响应。该实验为进一步研究PPDK与氮代谢的关系奠定了基础。     

豆科植物结瘤自调控分子机制研究进展

豆科植物通过与土壤中的根瘤菌共生发育形成根瘤,在根瘤中根瘤菌可以将空气中氮气转化成植物可以直接利用的铵态氮.共生过程中为了平衡氮素的摄取和能量的损耗,豆科植物形成了地上与地下信号交互的结瘤自调控机制(Auto-regulation of nodulation,AON),进而调节结瘤的数量.本文综述了AON分子调控机制近...