施氮肥对高羊茅种子质量和产量组成的影响

2000-2001年在新疆塔里木农垦大学牧草试验站进行了施氮肥对交战高羊茅种子质量和产量组成影响的研究。结果表明,施氮可以明显提高种子的活力和质量,并增加了单位面积的生殖枝数和小花数／小穗;施氮肥提高了种子产量,其中以秋季60kg／hm^2 春季120kg／hm^2施氮量为最好,种子产量可达1653．9kg／hm^2。     

Abnormal ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma in the dog

The combined occurrence of ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma has been described in Cairn Terriers. Recently, this condition was also observed in two other breeds: the Boxer (two cases) and the Labrador Retriever (one case). Six dogs were referred to the Ophthalmology section of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and to a private referral clinic because of glaucoma or blindness in one or both eyes. In five cases ophthalmic examination showed pigment depositions in the sclera around the entire circumference of the perilimbal zone. Eight enucleated eyes (four eyes of two Cairn Terriers, three eyes of two Boxers and one eye of a Labrador Retriever) were examined microscopically. All eyes showed the same findings: an extensive infiltration of large melanin-containing cells with an eccentric nucleus, located in the iris, ciliary body, retina, choroids and sclera. Transmission electron microscopy of two of the examined eyes revealed that the morphology of most of these cells was consistent with melanophages. While reports in the veterinary literature concerning this condition are limited the cells concerned have been described to be melanocytes. Further research is needed to conclusively identify the cell type. As described in the present report, the histologic and transmission electron microscopic findings suggest a different etiology of the ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma compared with the pigment dispersal syndrome in humans.     

Effects of Supplementing a Basal Diet of Chloris gayana Hay with One of Three Protein-rich Legume Hays of Cassia rotundifolia,Lablab purpureus and Macroptilium atropurpureum Forage on Some Nutritional Parameters in Goats

Growth and digestibility experiments were conducted on growing East African type goats offered Chloris gayana hay supplemented with one of three high-protein (119–128 g CP/kg DM) legume hays, Cassia rotundifolia (cassia), Lablab purpureus (lablab) or Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro), and crushed maize to investigate the feed intake, digestibility, growth and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Goats in the supplemented groups had higher total dry matter and nitrogen intakes and higher N retention and body mass gains than unsupplemented counterparts. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were increased by protein supplementation. Animals on supplemented diets had higher fractional outflow rates of particulate matter from the rumen. The production of protein by ruminal microbes and the efficiency of microbial N production were increased by supplementation. It was concluded that a mixture of low-quality grass hay (61.9 CP/kg DM) and either cassia, lablab or siratro hay, and maize grain can provide a productive balanced diet for growing goats.     

土壤氮素有效性与克隆整合性对结缕草分枝行为的影响效应

在一个生长季内,对生长于4种生境类型(其中土壤氮素含量呈4种水平)中的克隆植物结缕草的主匍匐茎采取了2种对照处理:保持连接状态和实施节间切断,并检验对其分枝行为产生的生态影响。随着生境内土壤氮素水平的降低,保持连接状态的结缕草植株的分枝强度(按照分枝数量、长度和生物量计测)趋于降低,而实施切断处理的结缕草植株的分枝强度趋于增加。复合节在产生分枝时的根系生物量通常高于未产生分枝时的根系生物量。着生于贫瘠土壤中的根系生物量与着生于肥沃土壤中的根系生物量相比趋于增加。从肥沃土壤斑块中生长出的分枝比从贫瘠土壤斑块中生长出的分枝在数量上占优势。以多个形态学指标衡量,结缕草克隆的A分枝比B分枝具有明显的生长优势。方差分析结果揭示出结缕草克隆的分枝行为对于生境土壤氮素水平以及连接和切断两种处理的响应方式不同。分枝对于结缕草克隆总生物量具有较高的贡献率,而其中A分枝占有较大比例。     

灰色关联度分析法对不同处理下草坪质量的综合评判

应用灰色系统理论对不同施氮量和施肥次数处理下的草坪质量进行了分析与评判.结果表明:施用氮肥是提高草坪质量的重要措施,在35 g/m2施量水平下,草坪质量与施肥量呈正相关(R2＞0.9100);施肥次数对其影响不显著.建议在实践中施肥量以25 g/m2为宜.     

氮肥对保水剂吸水保肥性能的影响

测定保水剂在不同氮肥(尿素、碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵、氯化铵)溶液中的吸水倍率和对肥料养分的吸持量,分析不同氮肥对保水剂吸水、保肥性能的影响。结果表明:保水剂在各种氮肥溶液中吸水倍率显著下降,并随肥料浓度的增加下降幅度增加;受影响程度聚丙烯酸钠盐型保水剂大于聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸盐型保水剂;不同氮肥对保水剂吸水倍率的影响按尿素、碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵、氯化铵顺序递增。保水剂在大量吸水的同时,也对溶液中的肥料分子或者离子有吸持作用,吸持量均随肥料浓度的增加而增加;保水剂和肥料品种不同,吸持量也不同;除尿素外,保水剂对肥料的吸持率随肥料浓度的增加而降低,最高浓度下,吸持率按硝酸铵、碳酸氢铵、氯化铵、硫酸铵、尿素次序依次增大。     

不同蛋白质水平条件下氨基酸平衡日粮对生长猪氮、磷及能量代谢的影响

选用平均体重为(40±2)kg杜长大三元杂交去势公猪3头,按3×3的拉丁方进行试验设计,试验分3期,每期为7 d,采用全收粪法,研究不同蛋白质(CP)水平的氨基酸平衡日粮CP水平分别为14%、16%和18%)对氮、磷及能量代谢的影响。结果表明:不同蛋白质水平日粮处理间的氮表观消化率差异不显(著P>0.05),氮的沉积率以14%CP和16%CP组显著高于18%CP组(P<0.05),而14%CP和16%CP组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。粪氮排出量14%CP日粮组显著低于16%CP和18%CP日粮组(P<0.05),16%CP日粮组和18%CP日粮组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着日粮蛋白质水平下降,生长猪的氮排出量、粪氮和尿氮均减少,总排泄氮中尿氮的比例较大,而粪氮则较少。不同蛋白质水平日粮对磷和能量的消化利用无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

控释氮肥对菜薹(菜心)产量和品质的影响

通过田间试验研究了等氮量的4种不同包膜材料的控释氮肥对菜薹(菜心)产量和品质的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥能显著提高菜心产量和品质,与同期施用等氮量普通尿素相比,施用控释氮肥可使菜心产量提高19.1%～28.2%;其中PDU处理的效果最好,不但产量最高,而且VC和可溶性蛋白质含量也最高,硝酸盐含量最低。     

氮肥对水稻叶冠层捕食性天敌种群及其自然控制能力的影响

为了公正地评价氮肥对整个稻田生态系统的影响，在国际水稻研究所试验场分别设立0、100和200kg／hm^2三个氮肥水平，测定了水稻主要特性参数和叶冠层捕食性天敌的种群动态，同时以果蝇蛹作为替代猎物的方法在田间模拟评价了叶冠层捕食性天敌对害虫的自然控制能力。结果表明，虽然施用200kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的稻株高度、叶面积和稻草干重显著比施用100kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的高，但每丛分蘖数和稻谷产量则没有明显差异。在水稻叶冠层中，肖蛸、圆蛛、黑肩绿盲蝽、稻红瓢虫和捕食性螅等为稻飞虱主要捕食性天敌。肖蛸在水稻孕穗期的数量最高，圆蛛的种群随水稻的生长而下降，但黑肩绿盲蝽、稻红瓢虫和捕食性螅的数量却均随水稻的生长而增加。施用氮肥后稻田中肖蛸和稻红瓢虫的种群数量显著减少。在水稻孕穗期，叶冠层上蜘蛛网的数量和蜘蛛网总面积均随氮肥施用量的提高而显著减少。在水稻孕穗期和乳熟期，不施用氮肥稻田中的捕食性天敌对替代猎物果蝇蛹的捕食能力显著高于其它两个施用氮肥的稻田中的捕食能力。而在乳熟期施用100kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的捕食能力又显著比施用200kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的高。结果说明过量施用氮肥可削弱天敌对害虫的自然控制作用。     

香菇液体发酵过程中碳氮源的研究

香菇液体发酵过程中碳氮源研究表明：香菇L-26菌株能利用多种碳氮源,其中碳源以地瓜淀粉最好,氮源以麦麸最好。最佳配方为：A1B2C2D2（1%的葡萄糖、0.5%的酵母膏、3%的麦麸、3%的地瓜淀粉）。