支管射流三通结构优化与试验

为了提高支管射流三通水力性能,改善滴灌的灌水均匀性,基于CFX数值模拟技术,对进口宽度为15 mm的支管射流三通进行结构优化.选取位差、劈距、劈尖半径和侧壁倾角为影响因素,通过四因素三水平正交设计了9组模型,边界条件设定为进口压力100 kPa.选取支管射流三通出口设计流量为评价标准,支管射流三通最优结构尺寸为位差5.5 mm、劈距113 mm、劈尖半径13 mm、侧壁倾角10°.此结构尺寸参数下的支管射流三通水力性能试验结果表明:在进口水压为100 kPa时,支管射流三通脉冲频率为148次/min,水头压力振幅为37.9 kPa,水头压力损失为16.7 kPa,出口流量为0.698 L/s;支管射流三通所接滴灌带长度为60 m时,与普通支管三通相比,支管射流三通的灌水均匀系数提高了2.78%,流量偏差率降低了4.72%.该研究可为射流技术在脉冲滴灌系统的研究、开发与应用提供理论依据.     

湖南省森林公园在全省旅游经济中的地位评析

通过分析近10年间湖南省森林公园旅游收入在全省旅游经济中的地位变化情况 ,发现全省森林公园旅游收入增长势头强劲但不太稳定 ,总体呈波状运行态势 ,在全省旅游经济中所占比重较小但潜力巨大 ,提出了应优化产业结构、推动产业链延伸、健全森林旅游产品体系 ,为全省旅游产业发展培育新的经济增长极.     

应用~(15)N示踪探究楸树无性系对氮素的吸收和分配

为探讨楸树无性系对氮素的吸收、分配及利用特性,以2年生楸树无性系015-1、1-3、7080、1-4和004-1组培苗为试验材料,应用15N示踪技术对楸树无性系进行施肥试验。结果表明,5个楸树无性系氮肥的吸收率、利用率及分配率具有较强的一致性,氮肥利用率介于27.14%~31.24%之间。楸树无性系根和叶的肥料氮比例(Ndff)明显大于茎,楸树无性系根和叶对氮肥的竞争力较强,茎对氮肥的竞争力最弱。015-1茎部氮素分配率及无性系7080根部氮素分配率明显高于其他4个无性系;氮素分配率在各个器官中差异显著,叶片氮素的分配率最高,总体趋势为叶根茎。本研究结果为楸树氮肥的合理施用提供了理论依据。     

低海拔异地育肥牦牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在不同非蛋白氮水平饲粮条件下血液生理生化指标及生长性能的差异

为探究异地育肥牦牛模式,本试验对比了低海拔异地育肥耗牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在同等条件下血液生理生化指标和生长性能的差异。将体重相近的8头1岁本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)和8头4岁青海牦牛各分为2组,每组4头,同一品种的2组试验牛分别饲喂低非蛋白氮饲粮[LNPN,饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.0%(干物质基础)]和高非蛋白氮饲粮[HNPN,饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.5%(干物质基础)]。预试期10 d,正试期50 d。结果发现:牦牛与肉牛均在LNPN条件下表现出最高的平均日采食量和最小的料重比。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对牦牛与肉牛的血常规指标造成显著影响(P0.05),但是牦牛在各饲粮条件下中性粒细胞数目(Gran#)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)、平均血小板体积(MPV)和血小板分布宽度(PDW)显著高于肉牛(P0.05),而平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(M CHC)和血小板数目(PLT)显著低于肉牛(P0.05)。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对肉牛和牦牛各项血清生化指标产生显著影响(P0.05)。牦牛在各饲粮条件下血清总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(UN)、肌酐(GREA)、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)和免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)水平均显著高于肉牛(P0.05)。牦牛在HNPN条件下的血清白蛋白(ALB)水平显著低于LNPN条件下(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,在肉牛和牦牛育肥饲粮中添加1.0%的缓释尿素替代饲粮蛋白质是可行的;低海拔异地育肥牦牛不会对牦牛健康产生不利影响。     

化肥减氮及有机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤养分含量的影响

本文旨在研究等磷、钾量条件下，化肥减氮及有机肥不同用量配施对水稻产量及土壤养分的影响，试验共设6个处理，分别为T1∶80%N+20%有机肥；T2∶80%N+40%有机肥；T3∶70%N+60%有机肥；T4∶70%N+80%有机肥；T5∶60%化肥+100%有机肥；CK：100%N+0，对水稻生育期株高、群体动态、产量、构产因子以及秋季土壤养分含量进行分析，结果表明：1化肥减氮20%时，不会对水稻造成明显减产，且当有机肥配施量为500kg·mu-2时，水稻籽粒产量最高，为775.19kg·mu-2，比CK增产17.20%；2有机肥的施用能提高水稻基本苗，对水稻穗长有显著提高效果，对空秕率影响较大，对枝梗数影响最小；3化肥减氮+有机肥配施可以提高土壤肥力，增加土壤有机质含量，提高土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量。     

原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应

本文通过野外控制试验，设置4个梯度的施氮处理，分别为对照(CK，不加氮)、低氮(T_L，5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(T_M，10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(T_H，15 g/(m2·a))，研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明，枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势；臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制，其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡；花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应，可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现，各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性，可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明，氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率，可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。      

Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa is a potential new seed crop for protein feed and human consumption in Europe, with tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. For this purpose the study was planned to analyse the effect of important agronomic strategies like nitrogen level, N application strategy, row spacing and harvest time on yield and quality of quinoa. The experiments took place in the field of the experimental station of the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. Three levels of organic nitrogen from slurry was used (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha^?1), supplied either all at once at sowing, or split between sowing and beginning of the reproductive phase. The effect of row spacing and harvest time was studied by harvesting seeds at seed maturity, which occurred 2–3 weeks prior to the mechanical harvest by threshing, and a couple of months after. Yield increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an application up to 180 kg N ha^?1, reaching 2200 kg ha^?1. Increasing N also caused a significantly increased seed weight (up to 3.3 mg) and protein content (up to 17 %). N level did not affect number and amount of weeds. Split application with part of the N applied at bud formation did not have a significant effect on yield. Delayed harvest had a negative influence on seed weight, whereas protein content was stable after harvesting even a month after seed maturity. A late harvest significantly reduced seed germination, being reduced by 50 % after a 2‐month delay. A conclusion from this study is that both yield and protein content of seed can be manipulated by N level and application strategy. Harvest time is important for securing a high seed quality measured as seed germination, seed weight and protein content. A fast germination of quinoa is an important characteristic demonstrating that the crop has good possibilities for being well‐established in the field when free from weeds at the time of sowing. The choice of row spacing is important and depends on weed control method. Weed control strategy should be developed based on modern precision tools.     

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus) to Water Stress and Defoliation Frequency

Plants are often subjected to periods of water stress. There are little data examining the effect of water stress on the forage species Plantago lanceolata and Cichorium intybus. In two pot experiments with P. lanceolata and C. intybus, morphological responses under optimum, dry, and very‐dry water treatments with weekly, fortnightly and 3‐weekly defoliation intervals and physiological responses under optimum and very‐dry water treatments were measured. A third experiment compared the rooting depths of P. lanceolata and C. intybus under field conditions. These findings suggest that both P. lanceolata and C. intybus can survive and continue to grow under water stress conditions with the main differences between the two species being attributable to morphological characteristics (root mass, taproot diameter and shoot mass fraction) rather than differences at a physiological level. Overall, the results suggest plantain may be more productive under moderate drought due to its greater shoot mass fraction, whereas chicory may be more productive and persistent under severe drought due to its greater root mass, taproot diameter and root depth under field conditions.     

Factors Affecting Recipients' Pregnancy,Pregnancy Loss,and Foaling Rates in a Commercial Equine Embryo Transfer Program

During 11 breeding seasons, 351 7- to 10-day-old horse embryos were nonsurgically transferred into recipients that ovulated between 3 and 10 days earlier. Pregnancy rates at 14 and 40 days and foaling rates were 77.8% (273/351), 69.2% (243/351), and 64.4% (226/351), respectively. Pregnancy loss between 14 and 40 days was 11% and between 40 days and delivery was 7%. The transfer of quality grade 3 to 4 embryos resulted in a significantly lower pregnancy rate at 14 days compared with the transfer of grade 1 to 2 embryos (46.2% vs. 79%; P < .05). Eight-day-old embryos resulted in significantly lower pregnancy losses than day 9 or 10 embryos, as occurred for embryos between 400 and 1200 μm compared with embryos <400 μm. Embryos recovered from mares >20 years resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy loss rate than those recovered from younger mares. The same happened for embryos coming from mares affected by reproductive pathologies compared with healthy mares performing sport activity. None of the evaluated parameters influenced recipients' foaling rate significantly.