压力实时监测法在管道泄漏检测中的应用

检测输油管道漏油的方法很多，介绍了通过压力实时监测确定输油管道漏油点方法，以及实际应用情况。实践证明，通过压力实时监视确定输油管道漏油点的方法在实际输油运行中是切实可行的。     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

Effect of Integration of Fertilizer and Green Manure Nitrogen on Yield Attributes, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India, during the wet seasons of 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of full and partial substitution of fertiliser N with green manure N (Sesbania rostrata) on nitrogen uptake, yield attributes and yield of rice. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with two levels of N (100 and 200 kg ha⁻¹) and three sources of N application viz., fertilizer, integrated (1:1 fertilizer and green manure N) and green manure N compared to the recommended practice (150 kg fertilizer plus 6.25 t ha⁻¹ (72 kg N) green manure) and a no N control. Nitrogen application markedly increased the N uptake. Combined use of the two N sources at 200 and 222 kg N ha⁻¹ and of single fertilizer N at 200 kg N ha⁻¹ recorded the maximum N uptake, increased the yield attributes such as number of panicles per unit area, weight per panicle, number of total and filled grains per panicle and test weight. At 200 kg N ha⁻¹ full substitution of N by green manure reduced the grain yield but only partial substitution of N by green manure resulted in almost similar yield as single fertilizer N. Thus 200 kg N ha⁻¹ applied in equal proportions of fertilizer and green manure N can be recommended for medium duration rice cultivars.     

基于工作流的ERP系统重构的研究

分析了企业现有ERP系统运营存在的缺陷，提出了适合本企业的基于工作流的ERP系统重构的开发方案。     

农药酶免疫分析技术研究进展

自从酶免疫分析原理提出后，近30年来已获得了巨大的进步，成为农药分析的一个非常重要的方法。本文对农药酶免疫分析技术的原理和测定程序进行了评述．并总结了近年酶免疫分析在农药领域研究中的应用，最后，对农药酶免疫分析技术存在的问题和发展趋势作了讨论。     

无菌压缩空气在保鲜奶加工中的应用

本文介绍了无菌压缩空气在保鲜奶生产中的应用，并介绍了一套完整的无菌空气处理系统。     

光照和褪黑激素对内蒙古绒山羊氮分配的影响

从氮分配的角度研究了光照和褪黑激素对内蒙古白绒山羊营养分配的影响。结果表明:光照时间和埋植褪黑激素显著影响绒山羊体内氮物质分配,短光照或埋植褪黑激素显著提高绒山羊血液中的褪黑激素水平,并使其他相关激素如催乳素(PRL)、胰岛素(INS)、类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)、瘦素(LEP)的含量发生显著变化,结果使毛绒氮的沉积增加,体氮的沉积减少。短光照条件下毛绒氮和体氮的沉积分别为33.7%±0.64%和66.3%±0.64%;而长光照条件下则减少毛绒氮的分配量,增加体氮分配量,毛绒氮和体氮的沉积分别为23.6%±0.46%和76.4%±0.46%。短光照和褪黑激素之间有强烈的互作效应,短光照埋植褪黑激素组毛绒氮和体氮的分配比例分别为36.1%±0.79%和63.9%±0.79%。试验期绒山羊的产绒量平均增加(338.83±72)g,比普通绒山羊提高73.86%,新生羊绒的品质符合纺织工业标准的要求。     

Feeding fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with either barley straw or pasture silage to non-lactating dairy cows

AIMS: To determine the suitability of diets containing either approximately 85% fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with barley straw or 65% fodder beet with pasture silage when fed to non-lactating dairy cows, by measuring intakes, digestibility, rumen function including microbial growth, and N excretion.

METHODS: Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulae were fed either 65% fodder beet with pasture silage (Silage; n=8) or 85% fodder beet with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw (Straw; n=8) in an indoor facility over a 9-day period, for measurement of intakes, digestibility, rumen function and urine production. The cows were adapted to the diets over 2 weeks before the indoor measurements. Feed was available for about 6 hours/day, as practiced commercially for wintering non-lactating cows.

RESULTS: Five cows fed the Straw diet had to be removed from the trial because of acute acidosis; four on Day 1 of the measurement period and one on Day 7. One cow allocated to the Silage diet refused to eat fodder beet bulbs and was also removed from the trial. Two cows fed the Silage diet were also treated for acidosis. DM intakes were lower with the Straw than Silage diets (6.4 (SE 0.4) vs. 8.3 (SE 0.5) kg/day) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was lower with the Straw than Silage diets (77 (SE 1) vs. 83 (SE 1) g/100g). The N content of the two diets was 1.14 and 1.75?g/100?g DM and there was a net loss of N by cows fed the Straw diet (?22.7 (SE 7) g/day). Rumen microbial N production was much lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (6.6 (SE 1.3) vs. 15.8 (SE 0.7) g microbial N/kg digestible OM intake). Concentrations of ammonia in rumen liquid collected on Days 5–6 were below detection limits (<0.1?mmol/L) in 36/48 (75%) samples collected from cows fed the Straw diet and in 27/48 (56%) cows fed the Silage diet. Mean urinary N excretion was lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (52.0 (SE 5.8) vs. 87.7 (SE 5.9) g/day).

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVENCE: An over-wintering diet for dry cows comprising about 65% fodder beet with 35% pasture silage provided adequate nutrition, although there was some risk of acidosis. In contrast, the diet containing about 85% fodder beet with barley straw resulted in lower DM intakes, poor rumen function, negative N balance so that both nutrition and welfare were compromised.     

控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量及氮肥利用的影响

研究籼粳杂交稻钵苗摆栽超高产栽培模式下适宜的控释氮肥运筹。试验于2016—2017年在安徽庐江进行,以当地高产籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为供试品种,设置控释氮肥一次性基施(single basal application of CRNF, BC)、与尿素分蘖肥配施(basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at the tillering stage, BC+TU)、与尿素穗肥配施(basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at panicle initiation, BC+PU)三种运筹模式,以尿素分次施肥(conventional high-yield fertilization,SU)和不施氮肥(0N)为对照,研究控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻产量、氮肥吸收利用及相关农艺指标的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥阶段释放基蘖肥:穗肥比例为7∶3,较传统优化氮肥运筹SU (6∶4)整体表现基蘖肥冗余,穗肥不足,因而BC和BC+TU处理显著降低了钵苗摆...     

氮沉降对城市森林凋落物养分元素含量及其耦合性的影响

目前,氮沉降增加呈现全球化趋势,影响森林生态系统生物地球化学循环过程,已成为生态和环境研究的热点内容之一。为探讨氮沉降增加对城市森林凋落物养分含量的影响,进一步认识城市森林养分循环过程,为区域城市化进程的生态风险评估提供科学依据,本研究以安徽省合肥市蜀山国家森林公园凋落物为研究对象,在连续3年模拟氮沉降实验后（氮添加设置3种水平,分别为对照组：0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、CK;低氮：50 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、LN;高氮：100 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、HN）,研究氮沉降对城市森林凋落物（枝叶果碎）养分元素含量及其耦合性的影响。结果表明：（1）不同施氮水平下,凋落果内CK与HN中C元素含量,凋落叶中CK与LN、碎中LN与HN两组中N元素含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。（2）凋落物不同组分间,N沉降显著影响Ca元素含量（P＜0.05）,对C元素含量无显著影响;凋落枝组分间K含量差异显著（P＜0.05）,凋落叶与其他各组间N含量差异显著（P＜0.05）,凋落果与其他各组间P含量差异显著（P＜0.05）;凋落叶与凋落果间Mg元素差异显著。（3）N沉降对各组分间的C/N、C/P、N/P等生态化学计量比无显著性影响,但对凋落叶、凋落果中C/N值有显著抑制作用（P＜0.05）。（4）N沉降显著影响C、N间相关性及Ca、Mg间相关性,且均表现为LN显著增强相关性,HN显著抑制相关性;N沉降显著增强了P、K间的相关性,而显著降低了K与Ca、Mg的相关性。（5）N沉降对C/N与N/P、C/P与N/P间的耦合性有显著影响,且均表现为LN显著增强生态化学计量比间的耦合性,HN显著降低二者耦合性。研究结果为城市森林凋落物养分循环过程对N 沉降的响应提供了理论依据。