CD8+T细胞在不同年龄家兔胃肠道的分布规律

探讨不同年龄组家兔胃肠道各段CD8⁺T细胞的分布特征,为进一步研究CD8⁺T细胞的作用奠定形态学基础。采用免疫组织化学技术对不同年龄组(幼年组、青年组、老年组)家兔胃肠道内CD8⁺T细胞进行染色、观察及统计分析。结果显示,家兔的CD8⁺T细胞多呈圆形、椭圆形或呈不规则形。在不同年龄组家兔,胃肠不同部位的分布有如下特点:家兔的CD8⁺T细胞主要分布于胃肠道的固有层中;青年组CD8⁺T细胞的分布数量显著高于幼年组和老年组;各肠段之间CD8⁺T细胞分布的数量差异不显著,但其分布的总量按照小肠、大肠、胃的顺序依次降低。研究结果显示,CD8⁺T细胞在家兔小肠的分布最多,并且其数量随着年龄的增长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,青年家兔胃肠的分布最为丰富。     

凉茶渣的黑曲霉发酵工艺和抗氧化活性研究

为促进凉茶渣在畜牧业中的资源化利用,本研究以黑曲霉为菌种固态发酵凉茶渣,首先在单因素试验条件下考察了时间、温度、含水量、浸泡液pH、氮源和碳源对凉茶渣降解率和产物pH的影响;再根据单因素试验结果和规模化生产实际需要,以4%硫酸铵为氮源,2%葡萄糖为碳源,以降解率为考察指标,通过正交试验优化发酵工艺;并通过检测超氧自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率,评价凉茶渣在最优工艺条件下发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。结果发现,含水量为60%,浸泡液pH为9.0,31℃发酵168 h是凉茶渣的最佳发酵工艺参数。最佳工艺条件下凉茶渣的降解率为25.23%,发酵产物pH为4.53。当凉茶渣发酵前水提液浓度为24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为43.56%,羟基自由基清除率为47.06%,DPPH自由基清除率为90.71%;当最优条件下发酵产物水提液浓度24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为30.77%,羟基自由基清除率为95.63%,DPPH自由基清除率为87.36%。本试验结果表明,黑曲霉是适宜的凉茶渣发酵菌种,且凉茶渣经过黑曲霉发酵后具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

延边黄牛MYH3和MYH8基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索延边黄牛肌球蛋白重链3（MYH3）和肌球蛋白重链8（MYH8）基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联性,应用DNA直接测序法和高分辨率熔解曲线分型技术对120头24月龄延边黄牛MYH3、MYH8基因的遗传变异进行分析,并结合延边黄牛生长性状数据进行了关联分析。结果显示,在MYH3基因的29602748位点检测到一处T>G突变,包含2个等位基因：T和G,存在3种基因型：TG、TT和GG;在MYH8基因的29406042位点检测到一处C>T突变,包含2个等位基因：C和T,存在3种基因型：CT、CC和TT。关联分析显示,MYH3基因29602748位点T>G突变显著影响24月龄延边黄牛十字部高和腰角宽,表现为GG基因型十字部高显著高于TT基因型（P<0.05）,腰角宽显著高于TT和TG基因型（P<0.05）。MYH8基因29406042位点C>T突变显著影响24月龄延边黄牛体重和胸围,表现为CT和TT基因型体重显著高于CC基因型（P<0.05）;TT基因型胸围显著高于CC基因型（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,MYH3、MYH8基因多态性与延边黄牛的部分生长性状相关,可作为现代肉牛育种中分子标记辅助选择的候选基因。     

Prediction of pine mistletoe infection using remote sensing imaging: A comparison of the artificial neural network model and logistic regression model

In this study, the prediction of pine mistletoe distribution in Scots pine ecosystems was explored using remote sensing variables to compare the multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) model performances. For this purpose, 109 sample plots were distinguished in pure Scots pine forests (natural) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Distinguishing mistletoe-infected stands (69) and uninfected stands (40) was performed with field observations. The variables acquired from Landsat 8 (Level 1) images were used as independent variables for independent-sample t-test, MLP ANN and LR models. Remote sensing variables indicated that mistletoe-infected stands were in drier areas with a lower vegetation-leaf area index. Based on the performance results of both models, the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the MLP ANN model were superior to those of the LR model. The prediction percentages (SEN, SPE, PPV and NPV) of mistletoe-infected stands were better than the prediction percentages of uninfected stands. The prediction accuracies of LR and MLP ANN models were 74.3% and 89.6%, respectively. However, all remote sensing variables were included in the prediction equation of the MLP ANN model, while the thermal infrared 1 (TIRS1) variable was included in the LR model. In the MLP ANN model, the TIRS1 variable also had the highest normalized importance (100%). The area under the curve (AUC) value for identifying the mistletoe-infected stands of Scots pine forests used by the MLP ANN model (0.892 ± 0.034) was higher than in the LR model (0.838 ± 0.039), explaining the more accurate predictions obtained from the MLP ANN model. The MLP ANN model showed much better performance than the LR model. The results of this study are expected to make important contributions to the identification of potential mistletoe-infected areas.     

基于改进YOLOv8n的茶叶嫩稍检测方法

针对名优茶智能采摘中茶叶嫩梢识别精度不足的问题,该研究对YOLOv8n模型进行优化。首先,在主干网络中引入动态蛇形卷积（dynamic snake convolution,DSConv）,增强模型对茶叶嫩梢形状信息的捕捉能力;其次,将颈部的路径聚合网络（path aggregation network,PANet）替换为加权双向特征金字塔网络（bi-directional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）,强化模型的特征融合效能;最后,在颈部网络的每个C2F模块后增设了无参注意力模块（simple attention module,SimAM）,提升模型对茶叶嫩梢的识别关注度。试验结果表明,改进后的模型比原始模型的精确率（precision,P）、召回率（recall,R）、平均精确率均值（mean average precision,mAP）、F1得分（F1 score,F1）分别提升了4.2、2.9、3.7和3.3个百分点,推理速度为42 帧/s,模型大小为6.7 MB,满足低算力移动设备的部署条件。与Faster-RCNN、YOLOv5n、YOLOv7n和YOLOv8n目标检测算法相比,该研究提出的改进模型精确率分别高出57.4、4.4、4.7和4.2个百分点,召回率分别高出53.0、3.6、2.8和2.9个百分点,平均精确率均值分别高出58.9、5.0、4.6和3.7个百分点,F1得分分别高出了56.8、3.9、3.7和3.3个百分点,在茶叶嫩梢检测任务中展现出了更高的精确度和更低的漏检率,能够为名优茶的智能采摘提供算法参考。     

Aurasperone A Inhibits SARS CoV-2 In Vitro: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study

Several natural products recovered from a marine-derived Aspergillus niger were tested for their inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro. Aurasperone A (3) was found to inhibit SARS CoV-2 efficiently (IC₅₀ = 12.25 µM) with comparable activity with the positive control remdesivir (IC₅₀ = 10.11 µM). Aurasperone A exerted minimal cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells (CC₅₀ = 32.36 mM, SI = 2641.5) and it was found to be much safer than remdesivir (CC₅₀ = 415.22 µM, SI = 41.07). To putatively highlight its molecular target, aurasperone A was subjected to molecular docking against several key-viral protein targets followed by a series of molecular dynamics-based in silico experiments that suggested M^pro to be its primary viral protein target. More potent anti-SARS CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors can be developed according to our findings presented in the present investigation.     

小麦TaPYL8基因的克隆与抗旱功能分析

脱落酸(ABA)信号通路在植物对干旱胁迫的响应中扮演着至关重要的角色;作为ABA受体,PYL家族蛋白在ABA信号转导中发挥核心作用。小麦TaPYL8是PYL家族的成员。为了明确TaPYL8是否参与小麦干旱胁迫响应,本研究分析了TaPYL8的表达模式,创建过表达TaPYL8拟南芥,并探讨了干旱对拟南芥生理生化及胁迫相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,TaPYL8表达量在干旱胁迫、外源ABA及PEG6000处理后上调。干旱胁迫下,过表达TaPYL8增强了拟南芥的存活率,降低了叶片失水率和MDA含量,提高了SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶活性及AtSOD、AtP5CS1、AtABF3等胁迫相关基因的表达量。推测TaPYL8通过促进胁迫相关基因表达增强植物抗旱能力。     

基于改进YOLOv8n的复杂环境下柑橘识别

针对复杂环境下柑橘果实大量重叠、枝叶遮挡且现有模型参数量大、计算复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8n的柑橘识别模型YOLOv8-MEIN。首先,该研究设计了ME卷积模块并使用它改进YOLOv8n的C2f模块。其次,为了弥补CIoU损失函数在检测任务中泛化性弱和收敛速度慢的问题,使用Inner-CIoU损失函数加速边界框回归,提高模型检测性能。最后,在自建数据集上进行模型试验对比,试验结果表明,YOLOv8-MEIN模型交并比阈值为0.5的平均精度均值mAP_0.5值为96.9%,召回率为91.7%,交并比阈值为0.5~0.95的平均精度均值mAP_0.5～0.95值为85.8%,模型大小为5.8MB,参数量为2.87M。与原模型YOLOv8n相比,mAP_0.5值、召回率、mAP_0.5～0.95值分别提高了0.4、1.0、0.6个百分点,模型大小和参数量相比于原模型分别降低了3.3%和4.3%,为柑橘的自动化采摘提供技术参考。     

猪CD8B表达谱、基因多态性及其与血液免疫性状的关联分析

白细胞分化抗原8(cluster of differentiation 8,CD8)是主要表达在CD8+T细胞表面的共受体和信号转导分子.CD8B基因编码CD8蛋白的β链,在免疫应答中起着潜在的调节作用.为分析CD8B基因在猪(Sus scrofa)不同组织中的表达特征,并探究CD8B基因多态性对血液免疫性状的遗传效应,本研究利用qRT-PCR测定CD8B基因在大白猪7个组织中的表达量,并用PCR产物测序与限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)方法对382头大白猪、84头长白猪和90头松辽黑猪CD8B基因编码区进行SNPs检测,以及分析CD8B基因突变对大白猪外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和血常规指标的影响.结果表明,CD8B基因在脾脏中的mRNA表达量最高,然后依次是肺脏、胃、肝脏、肾脏、心脏和肌肉.CD8B基因外显子5处检测到1个错义突变(c.602G＞A),在大白猪、长白猪和松辽黑猪群中均存在3种基因型(AA、AG和GG型),且3个猪种都是GG为优势基因型.统计分析显示,CD8B基因多态性与大白猪血液中的CD4+CD8-、CD4 CD8+、CD4 +/CD8+、血红蛋白含量(hemoglobin,HGB)和红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)指标显著相关(P＜0.05).最小二乘分析表明,3种CD8B基因型个体具有不同的血液参数,其中GG型的CD4+CD8-指标显著高于AG型,AG型的CD4-CD8+指标显著高于GG和AA型,GG和AA型的CD4+/CD8+、HGB和HCT指标显著高于AG型(P＜0.05).因此,CD8B基因可能参与血液生理指标的调控,可作为影响猪免疫性状的重要功能候选基因.本研究为进一步揭示CD8B基因的生物学功能提供依据,也为猪的标记辅助抗病育种提供了基础资料.