西藏农作物新品种、新技术引进示范项目研究

本项目应用示范青稞、冬春小麦、春油幕等新品种7个;示范应用与品种配套的新技术5项;采用基点应用与示范同时进行的方案实施,在较短的时间内达到项目预期目标。对促进西藏农作物新品种、新技术的引进、创新、应用起到积极、显著带动示范作用。     

单人电动采茶机春茶采摘效果研究

以单人电动采茶机为机具,研究了不同采摘时期下春茶的机采效果。结果表明,当茶树冠面以上标准芽叶比例接近70%时进行机采,单人电动采茶机的效果较好,其标准芽叶比例可达37.49%,其产量最高,分别比其他两个处理高3.24~8.36 kg/667m2,其机采鲜叶的游离氨基酸、茶多酚含量分别为4.55%、20.76%,品质较好,符合名优茶的制作标准,是最适合进行名优茶分级的原料;当树冠面标准芽叶比例接近55%时进行机采,其原料的比例组成与品质则较符合大宗茶的制作标准。     

中国裸头鰕虎鱼属(鲈形目鰕虎鱼科)一新种

本文报导了鲈形目(鱼叚)虎鱼科裸头(鱼叚)虎鱼属的一新种,定名为横带裸头(鱼叚)虎鱼C.transverse fasciatus。     

A new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method for cold‐water coral gardens

1. Gorgonians dwelling on the Mediterranean continental shelf are among the most frequent fishing bycatch taxa. These species display several traits, such as long lifespans and slow growth, which make them very vulnerable to the impacts caused by fishing activities with far‐reaching and long‐lasting effects.
2. Hence, restoration and mitigation actions are crucial to enhance and speed up the natural recovery of damaged cold‐water coral gardens. Given the growing concern to develop effective and affordable restoration actions, the present study aims to propose and technically validate a new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method.
3. This technique, named ‘badminton method', consists of attaching bycatch Eunicella cavolini colonies to cobble supports and returning them to the continental shelf by gently throwing the gorgonian transplants directly from a boat.
4. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in order to find the best cobble type support and gorgonian size to be used: first, to evaluate the landing efficiency of gorgonian transplants at different depths (from 5 to 30 m) and second, to evaluate their capability to maintain a correct position over time.
5. Natural cobbles with large gorgonians attached were the best option. Field results and modelling approaches suggest that the transplants would correctly land on the continental shelf seabed in a predicted area of around 60 m². Moreover, they would successfully maintain an upright position ensuring gorgonian survival over time.
6. The success of this method highlights the feasibility of large‐scale and low‐cost restoration actions with promising results for the conservation and recovery of cold‐water coral gardens.

     

施用不同钾肥对辣椒产量和品质的影响

通过在辣椒上进行不同钾肥单独或混合施用试验,研究了不用种类钾肥对辣椒产量及品质的影响。研究结果表明,在正常施用氮、磷肥的基础上,处理1（全用K2SO4）产量最高,处理2（全用KCl）经济效益最高,杂椒线椒粗脂肪、VC含量均随K2SO4施用量上升而上升,太椒303随KCl施用量增加而增加,但产品中Cl^-含量是否超标有待进一步检测。     

全年条桑收获模式下的桑园害虫防治

针对全年条桑收获模式和安康蚕区桑树虫害加剧,防控难度增大的实际,分析了近年来安康蚕区桑树虫害发生的原因及为害特点,介绍了全年条桑收获的桑园管理模式,提出了综合防范技术措施。     

The slow rise of technology: Computer vision techniques in fish population connectivity

1. Technological advancements in data collection and analysis are producing a new generation of ecological data. Among these, computer vision (CV) has received increased attention for its robust capabilities for rapidly processing large volumes of digital imagery.
2. In marine ecosystems, the study of fish connectivity provides fundamental information for assessing fisheries stocks, designing and implementing protected areas and understanding the impact of habitat loss. While the field of fish connectivity has benefited from technological advancements, the extent to which novel techniques, such as CV, have been utilized has not been assessed. To inform future directions and developments, this study reviewed the current use of CV in fish connectivity research, quantified how the implementation of such technology in fish connectivity research compared with other areas of marine research and described how this field could benefit from CV.
3. The review found that the use of remote camera systems in fish connectivity research is increasing, but the implementation of automated analysis of digital imagery has been slow. Successful implementation and expansion of CV frameworks in aquaculture and coral reef ecology suggest that CV techniques could greatly benefit fish connectivity research.
4. A case study of potential use of CV in fish connectivity research, scaling up optimal foraging models to predict marine population connectivity, highlights how beneficial it could be.
5. The capacity for CV techniques to be adopted alongside traditional approaches, the unparalleled speed, accuracy and reliability of these approaches and the benefits of being able to study ecosystems along multiple spatial–temporal scales, all make CV a valuable tool for assessing connectivity. Ultimately, these technologies can assist data-driven decisions that directly influence the health and productivity of marine ecosystems.

     

旺得丰有机-无机生物复混肥与比斯美生物有机肥在水稻上的使用效果比较

[目的]探讨旺得丰有机-无机生物复混肥与比斯美生物有机肥在水稻上的应用效果。[方法]进行田间试验,室内考种分析,探讨2种肥料在水稻上的应用效果。[结果]旺得丰有机-无机生物复混肥与比斯美生物有机肥处理的水稻,表现为熟期提早,植株矮壮,后期熟相好。虽有效穗比对照分别有所减少,但穗粒数、结实率、千粒重均有所增加。比斯美生物有机肥处理的水稻与对照平产,旺得丰有机-无机生物复混肥处理的水稻产量比对照增加0.54个百分点。[结论]旺得丰有机-无机生物复混肥具有较好的肥效,比斯美生物有机肥肥效不明显,能够节省化肥的使用。     

不同氮肥对污染土壤玉米生长和重金属Cu、Cd吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验研究污染红壤不同氮肥处理对玉米生长和吸收重金属Cu和Cd的影响。结果表明,尿素和硝酸钙处理玉米生物量高于低硫酸铵用量处理和对照处理。在污染土壤中施入高氮量的尿素较其他处理有利于玉米生长和降低玉米植株体内重金属含量。与对照相比,尿素和硫酸铵的施用降低土壤pH值,从而增加红壤水溶态以及盐提取态Cu、Cd含量;硝酸钙处理升高土壤的pH值,降低盐提取态Cu含量。用1.0 mol/L NH₄NO₃盐提取态或水溶态根区土壤重金属含量能够很好地预测玉米对Cu和Cd的吸收。在Cu和Cd污染的酸性土壤上种植玉米,施加高用量尿素或者低用量硝酸钙来促进玉米生长和降低重金属含量,避免硫酸铵氮肥的施用。     

甘蔗新品种的不同种植密度试验研究

在旱坡地探索不同甘蔗新品种在不同种植密度下甘蔗农艺性状、工艺品质等方面的表现,为不同甘蔗品种在当地蔗区的合理密植提供依据。选用甘蔗新品种粤糖60,柳城05-136和福农39作为试验材料。每个品种设90000、120000、150000和180000芽/hm2四个不同的种植密度。结果表明：出苗率随种植密度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势;有效茎数、蔗茎产量随着种植密度的增大而增加;分蘖率、成茎率、茎径随着种植密度的增大而下降。在不同种植密度方面,90000芽/hm2种植密度的甘蔗分蘖率、成茎率、茎径最大;120000芽/hm2种植密度的甘蔗出苗率最大、生长速度最快;180000芽/hm2种植密度甘蔗的产量最高;不同品种方面,粤糖60产量最高、柳城05-136的生长速最快、蔗糖分最高;福农39的还原糖分最高。柳城05-136的最佳种植密度为180000芽/hm2、粤糖60及福农39的最佳种植密度都为120000芽/hm2。