犬瘟热患犬中性粒细胞cAMP-PDE活性变化及中药作用研究

研究犬瘟热患犬中性粒细胞(PMN)中环磷酸腺苷-磷酸二酯酶(cAMP-PDE)的活性变化及中药对其活性的体外调节作用,为抗炎药研究和病毒性炎症的中药治疗积累资料。提取犬瘟热患犬(n=9)和正常犬(n=6)的中性粒细胞制备cAMP-PDE样品,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定其活性及中药对其活性的影响。结果显示,犬瘟热患犬组中性粒细胞cAMP-PDE活性(18.55%±2.66%)显著(P<0.05)高于正常组(11.54%±5.16%)。解表药等5类114味中药中芦根(77.27%)、胡黄连(70.41%)、女贞子(65.50%)、香薷(65.16%)、贝母(61.43%)、黄芩(60.67%)、淫羊藿(60.34%)、黄芪(59.13%)、青蒿(56.93%)、秦皮(55.55%)、辛夷(55.03%)、甘草(54.67%)、牛蒡子(53.40%)、麻黄(53.32%)14味对cAMP-PDE活性具有明显抑制作用。结果表明,中性粒细胞cAMP-PDE活性在犬瘟热患犬炎症过程中具有重要作用,对cAMP-PDE活性有明显抑制作用的中药对其炎症可能具有疗效,同时,中药抑制中性粒细胞中cAMP-PDE活性可能是其抗炎作用机理之一。     

Prognostic factors in canine acute leukaemias: a retrospective study

Canine acute leukaemias (ALs) have a poor prognosis, with reported survival times (ST) of only a few weeks or months. Also, clinical studies assessing prognostic factors are lacking. This study aims to retrospectively assess variables that predict ST in dogs with AL, and to identify correlations between outcome and therapeutic protocols. Diagnosis and sub‐classification into AL subtypes was made based on haematological findings, morphological assessment and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Clinical–pathological features of AL subtypes at presentation concurred with those described in the literature. A normal neutrophil count at presentation significantly prolonged ST (P = 0.027). Additionally, there was a trend for anaemic dogs to have shorter survival compared with those without anaemia, and the incorporation of cytosine in the chemotherapy protocol produced a moderate but not significant increase in median ST for dogs with AL. Further prospective studies with standardized treatments are needed to confirm and improve our results.     

Rosette nanotubes inhibit bovine neutrophil chemotaxis

Migration of activated neutrophils that have prolonged lifespan into inflamed organs is an important component of host defense but also contributes to tissue damage and mortality. In this report, we used biologically-inspired RGD-tagged rosette nanotubes (RNT) to inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis. We hypothesize that RGD-RNT will block neutrophil migration through inhibition of MAPK. In this report, RNT conjugated to lysine (K–RNT) and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine-lysine (RGDSK-RNT) were co-assembled in a molar ratio of 95/5. The effect of the resulting composite RNT (RGDSK/K–RNT) on neutrophil chemotaxis, cell signaling and apoptosis was then investigated. Exposure to RGDSK/K–RNT reduced bovine neutrophil migration when compared to the non-treated group (p < 0.001). Similar effect was seen following treatment with ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK inhibitors. Phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK was inhibited at 5 min by RGDSK/K–RNT (p < 0.05). The RGDSD/K-RNT did not affect the migration of neutrophils pre-treated with αvβ3 integrin antibody suggesting that both bind to the same receptor. RGDSK/K–RNT did not induce apoptosis in bovine neutrophils, which was suppressed by pre-exposing them to LPS (p < 0.001). We conclude that RGDSK/K–RNT inhibit phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and inhibit chemotaxis of bovine neutrophils.