中草药对隐性乳房炎奶牛细胞免疫力的影响

选用当归、川芎、芍药、黄芪、蒲公英、丹参、益母草等中草药 ,配制成饲料添加剂 ,研究了其对奶牛淋巴细胞刺激指数 (SI)和中性粒细胞吞噬力的影响 ,并用北京隐性乳房炎检验液 (BMT)对供试牛进行疗效跟踪检验。结果表明 ,该中草药添加剂可显著提高SI(P<0 .0 5 )和中性粒细胞吞噬力 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并能明显提高隐性乳房炎的转阴率。     

不同核黄素水平对肉仔鸡外周血细胞、免疫器官及生产性能的影响

100只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分成四组,每组25只,Ⅰ～Ⅲ组为试验组,第Ⅳ组为对照组。对照组喂以基础日粮,其他三组分别喂以含核黄素3.6mg/kg、7.2mg/kg、14.4mg/kg的日粮,饲喂6周后观察它们对肉仔鸡外周血细胞、免疫器官及生产性能的影响,结果表明:各试验组鸡血浆中白细胞及异嗜细胞数目均高于对照组,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ组异嗜细胞数与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);脾体比试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照组有显著差异,Ⅰ组与对照组无差异;各试验组生产性能也均高于对照组。试验结果说明核黄素可提高机体的抗感染能力和免疫力,并可提高肉仔鸡生产性能。     

追逐驱赶所引起的胁迫对鱼类先天性防御能力的影响

研究了由追著驱赶引起的胁迫对斑尾鲈先天性防御能力的影响。斑尾鲈具有好斗相残性，实验中观察到，将不同个体大小的斑尾鲈放入同一水体中几小时后，个体稍大的追逐驱赶个体稍小的，处于生态主导地位，而小鱼则处于从属地位。对小鱼血浆内的皮质醇含量进行测定，其值显著高于大鱼血浆内皮质醇的含量。处于胁迫当中。注射灭活细菌到鱼鳔内，游向鱼鳔的嗜中性粒细胞，受胁迫鱼明显少于非受胁迫鱼。且其吞噬活力和呼吸爆发活力也相应下降。同时，体外研究也表明，胁迫抑制了斑尾鲈嗜酸性粒细胞的脱粒。另外，用爱德华氏茵进行感染，注射皮质醇的鱼表现出明显的易感性。从以上的研究我们可以看出，胁迫环境下，皮质醇含量分泌的增加，损害了斑尾鲈的先天性防御能力，对外来病原微生物的入侵也缺乏相应的抵抗力。     

奶牛多形核白细胞凋亡的分子调控与乳腺免疫

多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes,PMN)在奶牛乳腺防御病原菌感染中充当首要防线,而PMN的凋亡在解除奶牛乳腺的炎性反应中发挥关键作用。作者综述了PMN凋亡的分子调控及其在奶牛乳腺免疫中的重要作用和意义。     

Essential role of neutrophils but not mammary alveolar macrophages in a murine model of acute Escherichia coli mastitis

Mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is an important disease affecting dairy animals worldwide. The disease is caused by mammary pathogenic bacteria and Escherichia coli are frequently implicated. Virulence factors of mammary pathogenic E. coli are only partially known and intramammary challenge with LPS elicits neutrophil recruitment in experimental bovine and murine mastitis models. We have previously shown that neutrophil recruitment in LPS-induced murine mastitis is strictly dependent on mammary alveolar macrophages. However, the relative role of alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils in E. coli mastitis is not well defined. To this end, we selectively depleted mammary alveolar macrophages or blood neutrophils before intramammary challenge with E. coli strain P4 (ECP4). Mice depleted of alveolar macrophages prior to intramammary challenge recruited neutrophils normally and restricted bacterial growth and interstitial invasion. Importantly however, upon depletion of alveolar macrophages, ECP4 invaded the mammary alveolar epithelial cells and formed intracellular bacterial communities. In contrast, neutrophil depletion prior to intramammary infection with ECP4 was associated with unrestricted bacterial growth, tissue damage, severe sepsis and mortality. This study suggests that neutrophils but not alveolar macrophages provide essential antimicrobial defense against mammary pathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, we show here similar invasion after depletion of alveolar macrophages as in our previous studies showing that LPS/TLR4 signaling on alveolar macrophages abrogates ECP4 invasion of the mammary epithelium. Interestingly, similar ECP4 invasion and formation of intracellular communities were also observed following intramammary infection of either iNOS gene-deficient or IL-1 receptor type 1 gene-deficient mice.     

围产期奶牛 Nod-2 受体表达变化及其对中性粒细胞呼吸爆发功能的影响

【目的】围产期奶牛对细菌性疾病的易感性升高。本研究的目的在于探讨 Nod-2 受体在围产期奶牛中性粒细胞（PMN）中的表达变化及其对 PMN 细胞呼吸爆发功能的影响,以揭示 Nod-2 在围产期奶牛免疫机能改变中的作用。【方法】 采用 RT-PCR 法检测围产期和非围产期泌乳奶牛外周 PMN 细胞中 Nod-2 mRNA 的表达变化;全血分别用佛波醇酯（PMA）和 Nod-2 受体特异性配体胞壁酰基二肽 MDP 刺激,采用流式细胞仪检测 PMN 呼吸爆发功能。【结果】围产期奶牛 PMN 细胞 Nod-2 mRNA 表达量显著低于非围产期奶牛（P＜0.05）;受 PMA 刺激后,围产期奶牛 PMN 呼吸爆发功能显著低于非围产期奶牛（P＜0.05）;受 MDP 刺激后,围产期奶牛 PMN 呼吸爆发功能亦较非围产期奶牛下降。【结论】围产期奶牛对细菌性疾病易感性升高可能与 Nod-2 mRNA 表达下调有关。     

闽西南黑兔一般抗病特性的研究

为了探讨闽西南黑兔品种的抗病特性,通过测定其体液免疫指标和细胞免疫指标,全面系统地评价闽西南黑兔的免疫力,间接反映其非特异性抗病特性。本研究对90日龄的闽西南黑兔（24只,雌雄各半）测定其血清中的免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量,补体C3、C4含量,以及外周血中淋巴细胞转化力和中性粒细胞吞噬力。结果表明：闽西南黑兔的免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量分别为2031.22、96.78、10.94 mg/L,补体C3、C4含量为55.15、17.89 mg/L,淋巴细胞刺激指数为1.50和中性粒细胞吞噬率为58.39%,中性粒细胞吞噬指数为2.22,且雌雄差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验测定的免疫指标为闽西南黑兔一般抗病力的选择以及非特异性抗病育种提供依据。