基因工程在动物医药学中的应用与研究进展

本文阐述了基因工程在动物医药学中的最新应用研究，重点介绍了基因工程药物、基因工程抗体、基因治疗技术、基因诊断技术等几大生物医药技术的研究和应用，在预防和临床医学上以及对传统医药学都产生了深刻的变革，具有广阔的应用前景。     

Genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native chickens based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.     

采摘机器人位置校正方法研究——基于无线传感网络和超带宽调频方法

超带宽雷达是新近出现的一种高分辨率雷达,当信号带宽和其发射中心频率的比大于0.25时,就被称作超带宽,带宽越大,雷达对目标的分辨能力越高。超带宽雷达具有高分辩能力,如果将其使用在采摘机器人定位导航系统中,可以有效地提高采摘机器人的定位导航精度和效率。为此,提出了一种基于无线传感网络和超带宽调频技术的采摘机器人位置校正方法,并以实际采摘环境作为研究对象,对采摘机器人的位置校正过程进行了测试。测试结果表明:采用超带宽调频无线传感网络方法,定位校正精度要高于传统的定位算法,且定位效率高,对于新型自动化采摘作业机器人的研究具有重要的指导意义。     

基于超星学习通的混合式教学模式应用研究—— 以发酵工程课程为例

为了提高发酵工程课程的教学质量和教学效果,针对发酵工程课程的内容和特点,将互联网+技术与教学相结合,进行了基于超星学习通平台的混合式线上线下教学方式的改革,结果表明:在增强了学生自主学习能力的同时,也促进了教师的自我提升.     

对退耕还林工程中种草的探讨

分析种草在退耕还林工程中的重要地位和作用 ,提出退耕种草的草种选择和种植模式 ,并探讨发展草产业的途径和方向     

基于电子商务的网络财务管理探悉

电子商务的蓬勃发展给企业管理带来巨大冲击，财务管理作为企业管理链条上的重要一环，其管理模式也因此而发生了重大变革。文中首先介绍了网络财务管理产生的背景及其概念，讨论了网络财务管理的优势所在，明确了网络财务管理产生和发展的技术基础，重点对网络财务管理的开发与实施展开了探讨。     

兔球虫疫苗的研究现状

兔球虫病是家兔最常见、危害最严重的疾病之一,国内外多采用抗球虫药物对兔球虫病进行预防和治疗。目前为止,我国还没有研制出商品化的兔球虫疫苗,国内外仅有少部分学者开展了兔球虫病疫苗的研究工作。主要对兔球虫疫苗活虫苗、亚单位苗、基因工程苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为兔球虫疫苗的相关研究提供参考。     

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

In 2012, genetically engineered (GE) crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, GE crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between GE crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole GE food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products (e.g. milk, meat, eggs) derived from animals that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of GE crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away from a GE evaluation process that currently focuses only on risk assessment and identifying ever diminishing marginal hazards, to a regulatory approach that more objectively evaluates and communicates the likely impact of approving a new GE plant or animal on agricultural production systems.     

基因工程技术的发展及其在农作物上的应用

对基因工程技术的发展历程进行了概述,总结了不同的转基因方法;对基因工程技术在农作物上的应用进行了阐述;分析了转基因技术目前存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。