金属离子·有机溶剂对黄鳝碱性磷酸酶的影响(英文)

[Objective]The mechanism of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was studied to promote rice-field eel aquaculture industry.[Method] The effects of effectors such as multiple metal ions and organic solvents on ALP in viscera of rice-field eel.[Result]Na+ and K+ didn’t generate big influences on enzyme activity;Mg2+ and Ca2+ could promote ALP while Li+,Cu2+ and Zn2+could restrain ALP enzyme activity.Both HPO42-and WO43-generated by enzyme catalyzing disodium phenyl phosphate possessed strong inhibitory effects on emzyme,and 9.5 mmol/L HPO42-would make enzyme activity decline by 13% while 9.5 mmol/L WO43-would make enzyme decline by 34%.The inhibition types of them were both competitive inhibition on enzyme activity.The organic solvents such as methanol,ethanol,ethylene glycol,isopropanol all generated influences on ALP and the order according to their inhibitory effects was isopropanol>ethanol> methanol>ethylene glycol.[Conclusion]The influences of various effectors on ALP activity of rice-field eel were studied from dynamics perspective to provide theoretical basis for further clarifying ALP mechanism.     

营养液浓度对水培马齿苋生长及品质的影响

以华南农业大学叶菜B配方营养液为标准溶液,比较了0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00倍浓度的营养液对马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus)的生长和品质的影响。结果表明,无论是从形态指标还是生理指标看,0.75倍均为最适宜马齿苋的营养液浓度。     

溶氧浓度对植物青枯病高效生防菌株PBW1生长影响的研究

青枯病是危害大、分布广、损失重的植物病害之一。生防菌株PBW1对植物青枯病的防效可高达70％以上。本文研究了溶氧浓度对PBW1生长的影响, PBW1生长的临界溶氧浓度为25.5%;摇瓶与发酵罐培养的结果均表明,溶氧浓度越高,越有利于菌体的生长。     

SO2毒害水稻叶片吸收光谱植被指数研究

为寻找对SO_2伤害敏感的叶片吸收光谱植被指数,通过田间熏气试验对水稻叶片吸收光谱与叶绿素总量、熏气浓度的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,由吸收光谱曲线及其一阶导数光谱曲线的特征位置确定的分别位于蓝光区、黄光区和红光区的12个特征波段的叶片吸收光谱值均与叶绿素总量显著相关,由这些特征波段构建的植被指数BEACI/YEACI/REACI与叶绿素总量的相关性都达到极显著水平,并且相关系数比特征单波段吸收光谱值与叶绿素总量的相关性显著提高.进一步分析这些植被指数与SO_2熏气浓度之间的相关性表明,最新完全展开叶在663.239、693.460 nm的单波段吸收光谱以及植被指数BEACI、REACI、YEA CI613.385、YEACI_(630.036)和YEACI_(663.239)与SO_2熏气浓度呈正显著相关.BEACI、REACI,、YEACI_(613.385)、YEACI_(630.036)和YEACI_(663.229)为叶片吸收光谱SO_2伤害敏感植被指数,具有估测水稻SO_2伤害的应用潜力.     

Masking the taste of the conditioned taste aversion agent levamisole using an ion-exchange resin, for practical application in wildlife management

For a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) agent to be successful in wildlife management applications, the compound must not be detectable by the animal. Levamisole is an effective CTA agent when administered by oral intubation, but it is readily detected by a number of species when mixed directly in food. This paper describes the development of an ion-exchange resin complex (resinate) to mask the taste of levamisole. Two different resins were evaluated, Amberlite IRP-64 and Amberlite IRP-69, and release studies indicated that the resinate formed using IRP-64 resin would be most suitable for use in wildlife management. Although it contained a relatively low loading of levamisole (77 g kg(-1)), the results indicated that the IRP-64 resinate should be stable in the mouth and release the levamisole quickly in the acid environment of the stomach (93% of levamisole was released into 0.1 M HCl in 5 min). In a bioassay using laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk), we showed that the taste of levamisole was successfully masked in a biscuit bait using the IRP-64 resinate and that a CTA was generated to untreated bait. The use of ion-exchange resins is a new approach in the taste-masking of CTA agents and could be applied to other wildlife management applications.     

空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的遥感信息模型研究

空气总悬浮颗粒物遥感信息模型是使用遥感信息模型的方法来模拟空气总悬浮颗粒物在空间上的分布。通过对空气总悬浮颗粒物来源和分布影响的因子分析,认为地表覆盖情况因子对空气总悬浮颗粒物来源影响最大,降雨强度和风速因子对空气总悬浮颗粒物分布影响最大,因此根据此三个因子建立了空气总悬浮颗粒物遥感信息模型。然后根据对厦门市高分辨遥感的分类数据和空气总悬浮颗粒物的分布数据得到了空气总悬浮颗粒物遥感信息模型的地理参数。通过对公式结果验证认为该模型较好的模拟了空气总悬浮颗粒的分布,为空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的分布研究提出一种新思路。     

杂交水稻不同器官镉浓度与累积量

以生长于盆钵中的两系杂交稻两优培九、扬两优6号和103S/郑粳2号及三系杂交稻丰优香占、K优818和汕优63为材料,移栽前盆土内加入镉（Cd）,使土壤Cd浓度为100 mg/kg,研究水稻植株不同器官Cd的浓度和累积量。与未加Cd的对照相比,Cd处理降低了两优培九和103S/郑粳2号的产量,其主要原因是每穗粒数减少,而对其余组合的产量无显著影响。水稻植株对Cd吸收及分配存在着基因型差异,以汕优63累积量最多,K优818累积量最少。水稻植株不同器官Cd的浓度和累积量的大小顺序为根>茎鞘>叶片。籽粒不同部位Cd的浓度大小顺序为糠层>颖壳>精米。精米中Cd累积量仅为谷粒Cd累积量的30%左右。在抽穗期和成熟期,同一器官Cd浓度及累积量呈显著或极显著正相关,但不同器官之间的相关不显著。在6个供试的杂交稻组合中,精米中Cd的浓度以扬两优6号最高,K优818最低。对不同杂交稻组合植株中Cd浓度和累积量差异的原因进行了讨论。     

CO2浓度升高条件下水稻蒸腾与N吸收的关系

利用FACE（Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment）平台技术,用水培试验研究了低氮（14 mg/L）和高氮（28 mg/L）水平下,大气CO2浓度升高条件下水稻蒸腾与N吸收速率的相关关系。结果表明,在CO2浓度升高条件下,水稻生物量增加了36%（低N）和29%（高N）;总吸N量也增加达7%（低N） 和5%（高N）;而总蒸腾量减少28%（低N）和10%（高N）。由于促进更多分蘖的发生,高CO2浓度使分蘖期水稻平均N吸收速率提高了31%～156%（低N）和19%～87%（高N）,在其他时期无明显影响;而高CO2浓度对水稻平均蒸腾速率的影响主要表现在抽穗到灌浆末期。在对照条件下,平均蒸腾速率和平均N吸收速率呈显著正相关;但在CO2浓度升高条件下,两者相关关系不显著。说明人们所推测的“蒸腾效应”——高CO2浓度条件下降低了的蒸腾作用并非影响水稻N吸收的关键因素。     

Variations in Concentration and Distribution of Health-Related Elements Affected by Environmental and Genotypic Differences in Rice Grains

Malnutrition is one of the major problems inmost of the developing countries, especially amongwomen, infants and children. Biofortification is a verynew strategy to enhance the bioavailability ofmicronutrients in staple food by using advancedbreeding meth…     

Effect of Indoleacetic acid （IAA） on the Negative Phototropism of Rice Root

To explore the effects of IAA on negative phototropism of rice (Oryza sativa L) root, agar block containing IAA was unilaterally applied on root tip to examine the phototropic response of root to exogenous IAA, and microstructure of the bending part was observed with an optical microscope. The growth of seminal roots could be regulated by exogenous IAA as well as light,as a result the root bent towards the site treated, causing asymmetric growth of the root cells at the elongation zone and consequently bending growth. IAA concentration in the shaded side of adventitious root increased much greater at 1.5 h after the start of irradiation. The unequal lateral IAA distribution can be concluded to be the main cause for negative phototropism of rice root.