松针提取物对植物病原真菌的抑制活性

采用菌丝生长速率法,测定松针提取物对苦瓜枯萎病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、烟草赤星病菌和番茄早疫病菌4种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,松针提取物对4种植物病原真菌具有一定的抑菌活性,且在提取物质量浓度为20 mg/mL时,60%乙醇提取物抑菌效果较好,对4种植物病原菌抑制率均达到40%以上;提取时间1 h以上、提取温度70℃以上时,所得提取物抑菌效果较佳。     

Anatomical and radiological study of the thoracic paravertebral space in dogs: iohexol distribution pattern and use of the nerve stimulator

ObjectiveTo describe the landmarks and methodology to approach the thoracic paravertebral space in dogs; to evaluate if intercostal muscular response could be evoked by a nerve-stimulator; to radiographically assess the distribution pattern of a radio-opaque contrast medium after thoracic paravertebral injections.Study designRandomized, controlled, experimental trial.AnimalsTwo mongrel dog cadavers (anatomical study) and 24 mongrel dogs (experimental study).MethodsFor the anatomic study 0.2 mL kg^?1 of new methylene blue (NMB) was injected at the 5th thoracic paravertebral space; for the experimental study dogs were divided into three groups and received 1 (T₅), 2 (T₄ and T₆) or 4 (T₄, T₅, T₆ and T₇) paravertebral injections of iohexol. The paravertebral approach was performed with insulated needles using landmarks and a blind technique. When the needle tip reached the respective thoracic paravertebral space, the nerve-stimulator was switched-on and the presence/absence of intercostal muscular twitch was registered, thus a total volume of 0.2 mL kg^?1 of iohexol, divided into equal parts for each injection point, was administered. Radiological studies were performed with two orthogonal projections at different times. Positive injection was confirmed when the paravertebral space was occupied by iohexol in both projections.ResultsNMB was distributed in the T₅ paraverterbal space. In the experimental study, when the needle tip reached the respective paravertebral space, intercostal twitching was obtained in 80% of the total injections with a stimulating current of 0.5 mA. The incidence of positive cases when the intercostal twitch was obtained with 0.5 mA was 83.3%. The main distribution pattern observed was cloud like without longitudinal diffusion.Conclusion and clinical relevanceIntercostal muscular responses obtained with a stimulating current of 0.5 mA could be useful to locate thoracic spinal nerves in dogs and in our study the injected solution was confined to one thoracic paravertebral space.     

松针粉对九嶷山母兔生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究松针粉替代不同水平草粉对九嶷山母兔生产性能及血清生化指标的影响。选用健康、生长发育良好且体重相近的九嶷山母兔24只,随机分为3组,每组8只,于配种后12 d在基础日粮中添加松针粉分别替代0（对照组）、7.5%（Ⅰ组）、15%（Ⅱ组）的草粉。预试期4 d,正试期24 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量显著降低（P<0.05）,而平均日增重显著升高（P<0.05）;随松针粉替代水平的升高,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比呈降低趋势,初生仔兔窝重呈升高趋势,但差异均不显著（P>0.05）;Ⅱ组血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,各组血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和尿素氮（BUN）含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,松针粉替代不同水平草粉对九嶷山母兔的生产性能和血清生化指标产生的影响不同,其中以松针粉替代7.5%（全日粮3%）草粉时,九嶷山母兔的生长效果最好。     

松针的组成成分及其主要生理功能

根据近年来国内发表的关于松针成分及其主要生理功能等科技研发文献,综述松针各组分的含量及其主要生理功能。     

Influence of herbicides and felling,fertilization, and prescribed fire on longleaf pine establishment and growth through six growing seasons

Recovery of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) is necessary to arrest the decline of many associated plants and animals, and the establishment of longleaf pine on much of its original range requires artificial regeneration and diligence. In central Louisiana, USA, two fertilization levels (No [NF] or Yes [F-36 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha P]) in combination with three vegetation treatments (check, two prescribed fires [PF], or multi-year vegetation control by herbicidal and mechanical means [IVM]) were applied to container-grown longleaf pine plantings in two studies. In Study 1 (grass dominated), 6-year-old longleaf pine survival was 52% on the F–checks, 78% on the F–PF plots, and averaged 93% on the other four treatment combinations. Longleaf pine trees on the IVM plots (3.4 m) were significantly taller than on the other two vegetation treatments, and trees on the PF plots (1.8 m) were taller than trees on the check plots (1.2 m). In Study 2 (brush dominated), survival averaged 65% across the six-treatment combinations after 6 years. The longleaf pine trees were 4.7 m tall on the IVM plots and averaged 3.9 m tall on the check and PF plots. Fertilization increased P concentrations in the soil and longleaf pine foliage, while fertilization did not significantly affect longleaf pine height growth. Native fertility was not apparently limiting longleaf pine development contrary to prior research recommendations for these soils. In both studies, the IVM treatment reduced early herbaceous competition and the number and height of arborescent plants. The PF treatment reduced arborescent plant height on the grassy site where fires were more intense than on the brushy site.     

施肥对油松人工林针叶养分变化的影响

以油松人工林针叶为研究对象,针对氮肥不同施用量对油松针叶内养分变化的影响进行研究。结果表明:油松针叶的有机碳含量和全钾含量随着氮肥施用量的增加而逐渐降低,而油松针叶中的全氮含量和全磷含量随着氮肥施用量的增加而逐渐升高,各处理间差异显著。     

微波热泵联合干燥机的设计与试验研究

为了解决农产品干燥过程中能耗高、品质差等问题,研制了一种微波热泵联合干燥机,对该机的整机结构、工作原理和关键部件做了介绍分析,并以金针菇为原料进行了微波热泵联合干燥机的最佳干燥工艺探究试验。试验表明:在微波功率13.3k W、热风温度65℃、传送带转速0.6m/s时,干燥后的金针菇含水率12.37、复水比3.124、色差81.8,满足干燥要求且优于其他组合。该研究可为微波热泵联合干燥机的研制及金针菇的干燥提供参考。     

体外盐酸处理与PIN对酯酶A4活性影响的关系

从家蚕Ｃ１０８ 品种产下后２ｄ 的滞育性卵纯化酯酶Ａ４ 及其活性抑制多肽ＰＩＮ,体外调查了盐酸处理与ＰＩＮ 对酯酶Ａ４ 的ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性影响的关系。结果表明：盐酸处理不仅迅速消除了ＰＩＮ 对酯酶Ａ４ 的ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性抑制作用;盐酸处理使蚕卵酯酶Ａ４ 的ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性峰提早出现的时间还反映了蚕卵的滞育发育时间。     

牦牛肾集合系统解剖结构的铸型分析

旨在探讨牦牛（Bos grunniens）肾集合系统的解剖结构。运用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,ABS）铸型技术,制作24个牦牛肾集合系统标本,通过观察标本,记录肾集合系统的解剖特点。结果显示：肾盂在所有标本中都存在,根据输尿管近端有无扩张分为两种类型：扩张型肾盂和未扩张型肾盂,后者更多见（58.3%）。集合系统中有前、后两个肾大盏,肾小盏通过漏斗状结构与肾大盏相连,一个漏斗状结构连接1～5个肾小盏。牦牛肾集合系统前后区域肾小盏数量差异显著（P<0.01）,其中,后部肾小盏数量比前部多。根据肾前后区域和中间区域尿液收集引流特点,将牦牛肾集合系统分为两种类型：A型和B型。肾中间区域肾实质尿液的收集和引流依赖前、后肾盏组的为A型,独立于前、后肾盏组的为B型,在牦牛中,A型是常见类型,占70.8%,其次是B型,占29.2%。牦牛肾集合系统由1个肾盂、2个肾大盏和多个（11～21）肾小盏构成,根据尿液引流特点分为A、B两种类型,其中A型较常见。     

中国寿险公司多元化经营的风险分析

本文针对民生工程中旧房加装电梯费用分摊的问题, 利用合作对策理论建立了一个模型. 为了合理分配全体合作的收益,合作对策理论中必须对对任何一个部分参与者的合作都定义收益. 但是在旧房加装电梯工程中，部分参与者的合作是不可能进行的，故无收益可言. 为此，本文所建立的模型实际上包含一个虚拟的合作收益函数, 使之符合合作分配公理体系，进而可以确定收益的分配，再由此确定费用的分摊比例，所得到的结论近似于按楼梯比例来计算.